issues on differences between men and women have always been a source for dispute and different approaches in the available literature on women. some have seen these differences resulting from the dissimilar socialization of men and women in family and society. while some put more emphasis on the physiological differences and rely on theological interpretations, some others consider them as ess...

according to heidegger human existence is not encapsulated and limited in itself, rather it is a transcendental existence which is standing out in the world. this ecstasy is rooted in the deeper relation between human existence and being. in heidegger philosophy this necessary relation between man and world is an essential element in the existential structure of man. that is why he uses the ter...

In the Islamic tradition, Mulla Sadra is foremost among the philosophers who have dealt with the issue of prophecy from all three theological, philosophical, and mystical perspectives. Among Western scholars of religion, Henry Corbin is the most prominent commentator of prophetic wisdom, who has provided a mystical reading of the problem of prophecy drawing on the ideas of Muslim philosophers. ...

over 1100 quranic verses as well as 250hadiths attributed to the holy prophet, holy imams, and companions can be found in mulla sadra’s asfar. although mulla sadra is known as a philosopher, his unfinished commentary on al-kafi evidences that he has been familiar with hadith and other respective sciences as well. however, he has appeared more in a mystical persuasion in choosing hadiths in asfa...

one of the consequences of accepting personal unity of existence as well as the philosophical rule of “al-wahid” is wujud-e munbasit (the extended existence). sayyid haydar amuli explains origination of multiplicity from the one on the basis of wujud-e munbasit. according to him the first emanation from being is universal and extendedand contains all degrees of contingent world. by depicting of...

for a long time, philosophers have considered contemplative knowledge and thinking to be the specific perfection of the human species. from this point of view, philosophers such as aristotle and avicenna thought that the act of thinking was the highest activity leading to man's happiness. on the contrary, illuminative philosophers and gnostics in the islamic world only considered speculati...