The orienting reflex is initiated by a salient stimulus and facilitates quick, appropriate action. It involves a rapid shift of the eyes, head, and attention and other physiological responses such as changes in heart rate and transient pupil dilation. The SC is a critical structure in the midbrain that selects incoming stimuli based on saliency and relevance to coordinate orienting behaviors, p...

Purpose: Pupil perimetry has so far been performed by the two following methods: suprathreshold perimetry during which the amplitude or ratio of pupil constriction is determined, and threshold perimetry during which the threshold of pupil reaction is determined. The authors compared the values obtained with these two methods using the modified Octopus 1-2-3. Subjects and methods: Pupil perimetr...

The static and dynamic aspects of the pupil response associated with various amplitudes of far-to-near (accommodation) and near-to-far (disaccommodation) focusing responses were evaluated in this study. Dynamic refractive and pupillary changes were measured simultaneously during focusing responses to targets at real distances in 12 young (23-26 years) emmetropic subjects. The targets were prese...

We investigated the dynamics of accommodative and pupillary responses to random-dot stereograms presented in crossed and uncrossed disparity in six visually normal young adult subjects (mean age=25.8±3.1 years). Accommodation and pupil measures were monitored monocularly with a custom built photorefraction system while subjects fixated at the center of a random-dot stereogram. On each trial, th...

Eye movements and changes in pupil dilation are known to provide information about viewer’s attention and interaction with visual content. This paper evaluates different statistical and signal processing methods for autonomously analysing pupil dilation signals and extracting information about viewer’s attention when perceiving visual information. In particular, using a commercial video-based e...

It is well known that the measuring of pupil size is influenced by noises and blinking. This paper describes the development of an estimation model of pupil size for ’blink artifact’ which is based on a 3 layered perceptron with back propagation method. The model was trained by pupil responses with artificial blinks. It was found that pupil size during the blink period could be estimated accord...

OBJECTIVE To calculate the pattern deviation for identifying abnormal points of pupil perimetry, and also to evaluate the grayscale display for distinguishing glaucomatous pupil field loss (abnormal test points) from normal pupil field (normal test points). METHODS Fourteen patients ranging in age from 51 to 80 years, who had normal-tension glaucoma (6 eyes) and primary open-angle glaucoma (8...