Dear Editor, The human development index (HDI) is a composite index calculated on the basis of three socioeconomic indicators that reflect three major dimensions of human development: longevity, educational attainment and standard of living to sufficiently capture the multidimensionality of human development. Longevity is measured by life expectancy at birth (LEB); educational attainment is mea...

With bank-level data from 81 developing countries, the paper shows that increased foreign bank presence is associated with increased reliance on non-deposit based funding, which leads to higher interest rate spreads, less credit to the private sector, and higher volatility in bank loans. Foreign bank entry significantly reduces domestic banks’ share of deposits while foreign banks typically all...

There is a direct link between global warming and hunger in emerging West African nations like Ivory Coast, where the population overgrowing, food insecurity rising. This work aims to examine explore climate change's effects on agriculture production Coast from 1990 2019. Various stationarity tests, including Phillips-Perron (PP) Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), are applied determine variables' o...

BACKGROUND Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is an important prevention initiative in reducing HIV/AIDS transmission. Despite current global prevention efforts, many low- and middle-income countries continue reporting low VCT levels. Little is known about the association of within- and between-country socioeconomic inequalities and VCT. Based on the 'inverse equity hypothesis,' this study ...

Learning actors' leverage for change along the journey to sustainability requires quantifying the component forces of environmental impact and integrating them. Population, income, consumers' behavior, and producers' efficiency jointly force impact. Here, we renovate the "IPAT Identity" to identify actors with the forces. Forcing impact I are P for population, A for income as gross domestic pro...

This study analyzed the economics of feeding dried poultry droppings as supplement in ram production. Gross margin analysis and profitability ratio was used to analyze the data collected. The result of the budgetary analysis revealed that highest total cost of ₦5292.98/ram was incurred, highest total revenue of ₦7565.40/ram, highest gross margin of ₦3272.41/ram and highest net farm income of ₦2...

which dominates most of the economies in the region, relies heavily on the livestock subsector for its contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP), estimated at 32 percent in the last decades for the region as a whole (Winrock International 1992). The region's growing population relies heavily on livestock products for their daily dietary requirement. The provision of draught power and man...

This paper constructs a model in which the currency composition of national portfolios is an essential element in facilitating capital ‡ows between countries. In a two country environment, each country chooses optimal nominal bond portfolios in face of real and nominal risk. Current account de…cits are …nanced by increases in domestic currency debt, but balanced by increases in foreign currency...