Scar endometriosis is a rare form of extra-pelvic endometriosis that can occur after surgery involving the uterus. Direct mechanical implantation seems to be the most conceivable theory for scar endometriosis. Patient usually presents with lump and pain at surgical site. Often the diagnosis of endometriosis is not suggested until histology has been performed. We hereby present a case of scar en...

Studies on earthworms using molecular markers are rare in Africa except a handful from South Africa. Reports on Libyodrilus violaceous,an earthworm found in West Africaare available including their metal tolerance and bioaccumulation capacity but their molecular characterization and ecotoxicology studies are scarce. In this study, triplicate L. violaceous specimens were collec...

BACKGROUND Despite diverging definitions on rare conditions, people suffering from rare diseases share similar difficulties. A lack of experience by health professionals, a long wait from first symptoms to diagnosis, scarce medical and scientific knowledge, and unsatisfactory treatment options all trigger the search for health information by patients, family members, and physicians. Examining a...

Rare diseases de!ned as conditions a"ecting less than 5:10,000 population (according to the de!nition used in European Union), refer to limited number of patients in Poland, Europe and in the USA, but the collective number of disorders is very large. Currently evaluated by Orphanet (the portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs, www. orpha.net) the number of identi!ed rare disease is over 7,000...

Gender identity disorder (GID) is a relatively rare disorder with an unclear etiology. This case report involves a boy from Thailand who was thought by his parents at birth, on the basis of a birthmark, to be the reincarnation of his maternal grandmother. He subsequently demonstrated cross-gender behavior. A link between his parents’ cultural beliefs and the boy’s cross-gender behavior is explo...

inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (imt) is a rare neoplastic lesion with tendency toward local aggressive behavior and recurrence. the tumor most commonly occurs in the pulmonary system of children and young adult, although it may rarely develop in older patients and other organs. symptoms are non-specific and depend on the location of the tumor. the gastrointestinal tract is rarely the primar...

metastasis from breast cancer to other parts of the body is very common, but the spread of the tumor to pituitary gland, especially to infandibulum, is a rare presentation. at the time of pituitary metastasis, a majority of the patients have clinical and radiological evidence of the disease. it seems that the posterior area of the gland is the most common site of metastasis, probably due to hig...