Techniques for plan recognition under uncertainty require a stochastic model of the plangeneration process. We introduce probabilistic state-dependent grammars (PSDGs) to represent an agent’s plan-generation process. The PSDG language model extends probabilistic contextfree grammars (PCFGs) by allowing production probabilities to depend on an explicit model of the planning agent’s internal and ...

This report provides a comprehensive Test and Evaluation (T &E) plan for evaluating the impact of future command decision aid technologies (COMDAT ) on human and operational performance in the Halifax class operations room. The plan provides details of an incremental approach to T &E that will generate reliable and valid performance data for a range of critical tasks performed by the Ops Room t...

I show that risk-sharing pension plans can reduce some of the shortcomings of defined benefit and defined contributions plans. The risk-sharing pension plan presented aims to improve the stability of benefits paid to generations of members, while allowing them to enjoy the expected advantages of a risky investment strategy. The plan does this by adjusting the investment strategy and benefits in...

Children and adolescents with chronic diseases and disabling conditions often need related services. As medical home professionals, pediatricians can assist children, adolescents, and their families with the complex federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and systems associated with these services. Expanded roles for pediatricians in Individual Family Service Plan, Individualized Education...

Flattening filter-free (FFF) beams are available on an increasing number of commercial linear accelerators. FFF beams have higher dose rates than flattened beams of equivalent energy which can lead to increased efficiency of treatment delivery, especially in conjunction with increased FFF beam energy and arc-based delivery configurations. The purpose of this study is to quantify and assess the ...

This paper describes the XAP/1 assembly planning system. It begins by comparing the version of the assembly planning problem addressed by the XAP/1 system to other systems in terms of the range of operations allowed in plans, the degree of detail in which plans are described, the type of input data required, and the degree of optimization done on plans. The XAP/1 system is strongly oriented tow...

We describe a general framework for encoding rich domain models and sophisticated plan reasoning capabilities. The approach uses graph-based reasoning to address a wide range of tasks that typically arise in dialogue systems. The graphical plan representation is independent of but connected to the underlying representation of action and time. We describe types of plan recognition that are neede...

The Reef Water Quality Protection Plan (Reef Plan) defined a landmark for policy in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) region. It identifies actions, mechanisms and partnerships, and builds on existing Government policies, industry and community initiatives for the purpose of “halting and reversing the decline in water quality entering the Reef within 10 years” through, “reducing the load of pollutan...

Given a probabilistic model of the world and of available actions and a utility function representing the planner’s objectives we wish to find the plan that maximizes expected utility. Finding the optimal plan requires comparing the expected utilities of all possible plans. Doing this explicitly would be computationally prohibitive in all but the smallest of domains. Thus we must find a way to ...