During the last century, there has been considerable economic growth and development of cities around the world. The growth has led to an expansion of car-ownership and ultimately increased congestion of the road network. Traffic engineers and transport planners have attempted to mitigate the consequences of congestion of motorways and freeways using a number of techniques. One of which has bee...

To examine the relationship of ramp design to truck accident rates, this paper presents an analysis of truck accidents in Washington State, plus a comparison to limited data from Colorado and California. We group freeway truck accidents by ramp type, accident type, and by four conflict areas of each merge or diverge ramp. We then compare these groups on the basis of truck accidents per location...

Abstract. The Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) data are taken via readwithout-reset measurements to obtain multiple samples forming a photometric “ramp” for each pixel in an echellogram. Each ramp is linearized via a quadratic model. After linearization, a quality-assurance test is performed to determine how linear each pixel’s ramp has become. This is accomplished by fitting a straight line...

4S-ferrugineone and 4S,5S-ferrugineol as pheromones of palm weevils were synthesized in 3 and 4 steps, respectively, starting from nonane-5-one employing SAMP-/RAMP -hydrazone methodology. 5-nonanone is transformed to its corresponding RAMP hydrazone by reaction with the enantiomerically pure hydrazine RAMP. Metalation with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in ether to form azaenolate, followed by...

Trade-offs in temperature control of fast-ramp RTP systems from an open-loop-input point of view are investigated, i.e., for a given desired temperature recipe a set of lamp command profiles is determined such that the resulting set of measured temperatures approaches the desired recipe as closely as possible. Exact tracking of fast-ramp recipes with rates such as 250 C/sec is usually not possi...

Artificial barriers in Josephson junctions make it possible to change the height and width of the barrier independently. This technique can be realized in high-Tc Josephson junctions using the ramp technique. In this article the fabrication of ramp-type junctions is discussed and the importance of the morphology of the ramp is pointed out. Detailed investigations are described which address the...

Receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) constitute a group of three proteins, designated as RAMP1, 2, and 3, which are able to effect functional changes in some members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. Thus, RAMP1 or RAMP3 can modify the calcitonin receptor (CTR) to also function as a high-affinity amylin receptor-like phenotype. To examine the RAMP/CTR interaction, individual RAM...

PURPOSE To examine the reliability of a perceptually-regulated maximal exercise test (PRETmax) to measure peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during handcycle exercise and to compare peak responses to those derived from a ramp-incremented protocol (RAMP). METHODS Twenty recreationally active individuals (14 male, 6 female) completed four trials across a 2-week period, using a randomised,...

Sprint interval training (SIT) elicits comparable long-term adaptations versus continuous exercise training (CEX) including increased maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and fat utilization. However, there is limited research examining acute hemodynamic responses to SIT. The aim of this study was to examine hemodynamic responses to low-volume SIT. Active men (n=6, VO2max = 39.8 ± 1.7 mL/kg/min) and ...

In this work, we study the excitation energy for slow changes of the hopping parameter in the Falicov–Kimball model with nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory. The excitation energy vanishes algebraically for long ramp times with an exponent that depends on whether the ramp takes place within the metallic phase, within the insulating phase or across the Mott transition line. For ramps with...