Spatial and temporal variability of carbon species in rainwater (bulk deposition) was studied for the first time at two sites located in urban area of Poznań City and protected woodland area (Jeziory), in central Poland, between April and December 2013. The mean concentration of total carbon (TC) for the first site was 5.86 mg L(-1), whereas for the second, 5.21 mg L(-1). Dissolved organic carb...

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorinated pesticides (CPs) were measured in air and precipitation at a background site in central Europe. ∑ PAH concentrations in air and rainwater ranged from 0.7 to 327.9 ng m and below limit of quantification (< LOQ) to 2.1× 10 ng L. The concentrations of PCBs and CPs in rainwater were < LOQ. ∑...

Adaptation measures are necessary for reducing the impacts of extreme climatic events, especially at the community scale. Constructed wetlands and rainwater harvesting systems are commonly used as on-site water supply systems for distributed adaptation. The purpose of this study is to build a community water supply model and to evaluate the performance of low impact development (LID) modules as...

Rainwater samples were collected from two areas of Urban West region in Zanzibar Island. The samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and metals namely, As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr III, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, Tl and Zn using standard procedures. The levels of As, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Sb were not detected (ND). The ranges of investigate...

A total of 214 rainwater samples from 82 tanks were collected in urban Southeast Queensland (SEQ) in Australia and analyzed for the presence and numbers of zoonotic bacterial and protozoal pathogens using binary PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) analysis was used to quantify the risk of infection associated with the exposure to potential pathogens fr...

abstract background and purpose: according to the reported problems in area of the inappropriateness of water quality which used for washing and staining of car apparatuses in a car factory, this research was carried out for identification of physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the consumed water in babol car factory, iran. materials and methods: physical and chemical par...

The penetration of rainwater through walls depends on the following combination of conditions: • the presence of water • openings in the assembly that permit water to enter • forces that can move water through the assembly. The control of rainwater penetration depends on being able to control any one or all of these conditions. Rain penetration creates problems ranging from damage to interior f...

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a method of inducing, collecting, storing and conserving local surface runoff for agricultural production. This paper presents a brief treatise, of rainwater harvesting, and its historical perspectives. The paper reviews major techniques of RWH for crop production being practised. These fall into three broad categories namely: In-situ, Internal (Micro) and External...