(eds M.C.S. Wopereis et al.) 35 Upland environments are situated at the high end of the toposequence, where rice depends solely on rainfall as the water table is out of the reach of rice roots for much of the growing season. At the lower end of the toposequence, rice plants can reach the water table or profit directly from flood water. Along the toposequence, interactions exist between environm...

introduction in recent years due to problems associated with intensive agricultural systems, the role of legumes in the sustainability of cropping systems has been accelerated (draper, 2006). currently, one of the challenges of energy intensive agricultural systems is monoculture, which is associated with low biological diversity (carmine, 2007). iran has been considered as the area with low ag...

Relative (actual / potential) evapotranspiration (RET) was derived using ten-day composite NOAA PAL datasets (8km x 8km spatial resolution) over Indian landmass and an operational energy balance algorithm for five agricultural years (June-May) between 1996 to 2001. This was used to characterize ‘Kharif’ (June-October) rice growing environment and its yield prediction in rainfed conditions. Inve...

This study assesses the vulnerability of Bulgarian agriculture to drought using the WINISAREG model and seasonal standard precipitation index SPI(2) for the period 1951-2004. This model was previously validated for maize on soils of different water holding capacity (TAW) in various locations. Simulations are performed for Plovdiv, Stara Zagora and Sofia. Results relative to Plovdiv show that in...

Drought is a major constraint affecting rice production, especially in rainfed areas across Asia, Africa and South America. Development of drought resistant varieties will considerably improve rainfed rice production. Rice breeding programs focusing on drought resistance by direct selection for yield under stress have made little progress to date. Incorporation of secondary traits contributing ...

Perchlorate (Cl4-) reservoirs that accumulated in semiarid unsaturated zones, similar to chloride (Cl-), can contaminate underlying aquifers if they are mobilized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Cl)4- mobilization related to land-use change from natural to agricultural ecosystems in the southern High Plains (SHP, USA), where large ClO4- concentrations (< or =60 microg/L) are found in...

introduction: two of the main challenges in developing countries are food production and trying to get a high income for good nutrition and reduction of poverty. cereals and legumes are the most important crops in the rainfed areas of the country occupying the majority of dry land areas. irrigated production systems had a main role in food production in the past years; but unfortunately, in rec...

A genome-wide association study explored the genetic basis of variation for drought tolerance and related traits in a Middle American diversity panel comprising 96 common bean ( L.) genotypes. The panel was grown under irrigated and rainfed conditions and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were used to explore the genetic diversity and ancestry of the panel. Varying levels of admixtures ...