In this paper, we present an algorithm for the automated removal of nonprecipitation related echoes such as atmospheric anomalous propagation (AP) in the lower elevations of meteorological-radar volume scans. The motivation for the development of this technique is the need for an objective quality control algorithm that minimizes human interaction. The algorithm uses both textural and intensity...

A laser-optical disdrometer served as reference to assess the absolute percent bias of calculated rainfall intensity using the data of different-resolution tipping-bucket rain gauges classically applied by climatologists and hydrologists in the Andean region. Additionally, the impact of the calculation method (tip counting versus cubic spline interpolation) was examined. The combined effect was...

The focus of this research is to develop a general method for estimation rain intensity application in various geographical regions. In world with changing climate, high importance attributed the potential threats caused by increased temperature and rainfall levels. climate here interpreted combination cloud physical factors affecting further developed use data statistics. A formula was that es...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abiotic pollination by wind or water is well established in flowering plants. In some species pollination by rain splashes, a condition known as ombrophily, has been proposed as a floral strategy. However, evidence for this type of abiotic pollination has remained controversial and many reported cases have subsequently been shown to be false. This study investigates ombrophi...

In this study we described the seed rain generated by bats under four Cerrado's tree species common within pastures, Buchenavia tomentosa, Couepia grandiflora, Licania humilis and Qualea grandiflora. We analyzed the similarity among the four tree species in terms of seed rain composition, and compared the number of seeds and seed species deposited under them. Besides that, we assessed the relat...

The contiguous rain area (CRA) method for spatial forecast verification is a features-based approach that evaluates the properties of forecast rain systems, namely, their location, size, intensity, and finescale pattern. It is one of many recently developed spatial verification approaches that are being evaluated as part of a Spatial Forecast Verification Methods Intercomparison Project. To bet...

As part of a larger, collaborative study, we conducted field experiments to investigate how rainfall signals propagate through an unsaturated soil profile, leading to a rapid pore pressure response and slope instability. We sprinkler-irrigated an entire, unchanneled headwater basin in the steep, humid Oregon Coast Range, and we drove the system to quasi steady state as indicated by tensiometers...

Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) is an important satellite precipitation product of Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. Quantitative information about the errors of IMERG has great significance for the data developers and end users. In order to investigate the characteristics and the source of the errors contained in IMERG, a bias-de...