Gemcitabine is a potent radiosensitizer in both laboratory studies and in the clinic. Initial laboratory studies showed that gemcitabine radiosensitizes a wide variety of rodent and human tumor cells in culture. Maximum radiosensitization occurs in cells that demonstrate concurrent redistribution into S phase and d-adenosine triphosphate pool depletion. Although the mechanism of sensitization i...

Gemcitabine [2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (dFdCyd)] is a potent ionizing radiation sensitizer in solid tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Previously, we have demonstrated (Shewach et al., Cancer Res., 54: 3218-3223, 1994) a strong correlation between depletion of dATP (caused by dFdCyd diphosphate-mediated inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase) and radiosensitization. In addition, we and oth...

We developed a new radiosensitization treatment using a hydrogen peroxide solution (Oxydol)-soaked gauze named KORTUC I (Kochi Oxydol-Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Carcinomas) for superficially exposed and unresectable neoplasms, such as malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), based on our experimental results which demonstrated hydrogen peroxide as a strong radiosensi...

PURPOSE Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors radiosensitize tumor cells. To elucidate mechanisms underlying radiosensitization by HDAC inhibition, understanding of differential contributions of HDAC isotypes is needed. The aim of this study was to investigate involvement of known HDAC isotypes in modulation of cellular radiosensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Because pharmacologic HDAC inhibi...

Metabolic change in cancer cells by preferential production of energy through glycolysis is a well-documented characteristic of cancer. However, whether inhibition of glycolysis will enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy is a matter of debate. In this study which uses lung cancer as the model, we demonstrate that the improvement of radiotherapy by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) is p53-dependent. B...

ownload ctive enhancement of tumor response to radiation therapy is a highly attractive objective, but it has not et clinically. Gain-of-function Ras (gf) signaling via hyperactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases, such epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or via oncogenic mutation of Ras is shown to confer radionce and requires the engagement of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. However, upstream m...

Telomerase is a type of reverse transcriptase that is overexpressed in almost all human tumor cells, but not in normal tissues, which provides an opportunity for radiosensitization targeting telomerase. Zidovudine, abacavir and lamivudine are reverse transcriptase inhibitors that have been applied in clinical practice for several years. We sought to explore the radiosensitization effect of thes...

Gold nanoparticle (GNP) can be used as a radiation sensitizer in radiotherapy, and many Monte Carlo simulation studies have focused on this issue. A nanodosimetry biophysics Monte Carlo code NASIC was used in this work to study both the physical and biological radiosensitization effect of GNP in the cell environment under the irradiation of X-ray. GNP-cell models were built in the simulation wi...

We have previously reported that the use of the polymer bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)propane-sebacic acid (20:80) for intratumoral delivery of cis-platinum in a mouse tumor model (RIF-1) potentiated the effects of acute and fractionated radiation. This mode of drug delivery seems particularly applicable to the administration of radiosensitizing drugs because an optimum concentration of radiosensitizer ...

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, which has been widely utilized throughout the cancer research field. SAHA-induced radiosensitization in normal human fibroblasts AG1522 and lung carcinoma cells A549 were evaluated with a combination of γ-rays, proton, and carbon ion exposure. Growth delay was observed in both cell lines during SAHA treatment; 2 μM SAHA ...