The specific activity and spatial distribution of 238U, 232Th 40K were determined in the surface soil from Lișava uranium mining sector. This sector belongs to Banat district, an historically important area Romania (an with closed mines a radioactive waste dump). Gamma-ray spectrometry using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used measure naturally occurring radionuclides soil. average a...

Introduction: Artificial and natural radionuclides exist in the environmental materials, such as water, soil, rocks, and plant as well as in animals and human body tissues. Therefore, human being and environment are at constant radiation exposure. Regarding this, the present study aimed to determine the specific activities of radionuclides and perform the risk assessment wheat and barley sample...

An evaluation of the radioactivity levels associated with naturally occurring radioactive materials has been undertaken as part of a systematic study to provide a surface radiological map of the State of Kuwait. Soil samples from across Kuwait were collected, measured and analysed in the current work. These evaluations provided soil activity concentration levels for primordial radionuclides, sp...

In-situ and ex-situ measurements of environmental radioactivity were made on the iThemba LABS (iTL) grounds in South Africa. The MEDUSA and HPGe detector systems were used to make insitu and ex-situ measurements, respectively. The MEDUSA was mounted ∼0.5m above the ground on a 4× 4 vehicle to traverse [at ∼2m · s−1] the accessible portions of the iTL grounds. Spatial data (via a GPS receiver) w...

Recently, a novel approach towards semi-quantitative IT security risk assessment has been proposed in the draft IEC 62443-3-2. This approach is analyzed from several different angles, e.g. embedding into the overall standard series, semantic and methodological aspects. As a result, several systematic flaws in the approach are exposed. As a way forward, an alternative approach is proposed which ...

Phosphate rock samples collected from the phosphate bearing formations of Sokoto State, Northwest Nigeria were assessed for their radiological contents by gamma spectrometric technique (sodium iodide (NaI (Tl) detector). The mean activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in all the studied samples were 720.1±4.2 Bqkg -1 , 33.5±1.4 Bqkg -1 , and 315.3±6.7 Bqkg -1 respectively. Contribut...

Risk assessment has been widely used as a tool for the development of waste management facilities. At the strategic level, risk assessment is used to inform decision makers about the planning process. In terms of a specific site, environmental risk assessment is used to identify risk management options. As an engineering tool, risk assessment is used to optimize the mitigation measures required...

fault tree analysis (fta) as a probabilistic risk assessment (pra) method is used to identify basic causes leading to an undesired event, to represent logical relation of these basic causes in leading to the event, and finally to calculate the probability of occurrence of this event. to conduct a quantitative fta, one needs a fault tree along with failure data of the basic events (bes). someti...