We report on the separate PCR cloning and subsequent expression and purification of the large (R1) and small (R2) subunits from equine herpes virus type 4 (EHV-4) ribonucleotide reductase. The EHV-4 R1 and R2 subunits reconstituted an active enzyme and their abilities to complement the R1 and R2 subunits from the closely related herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) ribonucleotide reductase, with the ...

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Properties of human brain tissue change across the lifespan. Here we model these changes in the living human brain by combining quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of R1 (1/T1) with diffusion MRI and tractography (N=102, ages 7-85). The amount of R1 change during development differs between white-matter fascicles, but in each fascicle the rate of development and decline a...

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine, acting through the TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 receptors. The two receptors have been proposed to mediate distinct TNF-alpha effects in the CNS, TNF-R1 contributing to neuronal damage and TNF-R2 being neuroprotective. Whether TNF-alpha and its receptors play any role for neurogenesis in the adult brain is unclear. Here we used mouse m...

Because the left ventricular outflow tract is bounded anatomically by the ventricular septum and the anterior mitral leaflet, the dynamic obstruction of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) can be relieved by resecting either component. During recent years, most surgeons have practiced a traditional transaortic septal myectomy, as popularized by Morrow and associates (1,2). However, C...

The surgical repair of complex congenital heart disease often requires reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with a valve-bearing conduit. Although, currently, allografts and xenografts are in clinical use, both have significant disadvantages. Notably, allografts are in short supply (especially in small sizes) and they deteriorate quite rapidly (1), whereas xenografts eit...

Homocysteine (HCY) activated mitochondrial matrix metalloproteinase-9 and led to cardiomyocyte dysfunction, in part, by inducing mitochondrial permeability (MPT). Treatment with MK-801 [N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist] ameliorated the HCY-induced decrease in myocyte contractility. However, the role of cardiomyocyte NMDA-receptor 1 (R1) activation in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) l...