OBJECTIVE Quinolone resistance is usually caused by various chromosomal mutations, but has been more recently associated with plasmids which carry the qnr determinant. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of qnr genes in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in Jamaica. METHODS A total of 255 non-duplicate fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates, com...

WCK 771 demonstrated MIC(50) and MIC(90)s of 0.03 and 1 microg/ml, respectively, against 297 recent U.S. community-acquired and hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus, irrespective of quinolone or glycopeptide resistance. Against quinolone-resistant strains, MIC(90)s of WCK 771 and moxifloxacin were 1 and 16 microg/ml, respectively.

The bactericidal activity of levofloxacin was compared with that of four other quinolones and one cephalosporin against four strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae with varying degrees of penicillin G susceptibility. Levofloxacin was found to be the most bactericidal quinolone at its optimum bactericidal concentration, followed by ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and D-ofloxacin, in that ord...

BACKGROUND Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) causes ear discharge and impairs hearing. OBJECTIVES To compare systemic antibiotics and topical antiseptics or antibiotics (excluding steroids) for treating chronically discharging ears with an underlying eardrum perforation (CSOM). SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane ENT Disorders Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controll...

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of quinolone antibiotics was established based on an association complex formation with aluminum(III) and erythrosin. In the determination of ofloxacin as a quinolone antibiotic, Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0.1 - 3.2 microg ml(-1), with an effective molar absorptivity at 555 nm and the relative standard deviation be...

The aim of this study was to explore the plasmid characteristics of eight clinical Enterobacteriaceae strains containing extended broad spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Plasmids were transferred by conjugation or transformation and resistance determinants were investigated by PCR. We showed that at least one plasmid harbouring qnrB or qnrS determinant was tran...

In the present study we report on four cases of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and two cases of hepatitis induced by quinolone. We show by immunoblotting analysis that all sera from these patients contained autoantibodies that recognize a 65-kDa protein expressed in normal human kidney and liver microsomes. Only 6% of sera from healthy individuals who did not ingest quinolone recognized the...

Quinolone resistance is caused mainly by chromosomal mutations in gram negative bacteria. In 1998, plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones in clinical isolates was first reported in a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain. Locus qnr (quinolone resistance) was responsible of the quinolone resistance in this plasmid. qnr codes a protein whose function is protect both DNA-girase and topoisomerase IV from...

The sequence of the DNA gyrase gyrA gene of Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 was determined. An open reading frame of 2,640 nucleotides coding for a polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 97,460 was found, and its sequence complemented the sequence of an Escherichia coli gyrA temperature-sensitive mutation. Analysis of the PCR products of the quinolone resistance-determining regions of g...

Although resistance to quinolones is commonly chromosomally-encoded in Enterobacteriaceae, the emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) has also been reported, with at least three known resistance mechanisms to date, i.e., Qnr, aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Ib-cr and QepA. Qnr proteins protect target enzymes (DNA gyrase and type IV topoisomerase) from quinolone inhib...