Introgression is the permanent incorporation of genes from the genome of one population into another. This can have severe consequences, such as extinction of endemic species, or the spread of transgenes. Quantification of the risk of introgression is an important component of genetically modified crop regulation. Most theoretical introgression studies aimed at such quantification disregard one...

Any endeavor worth pursuing is worth measuring, but software security presents new measurement challenges: there are no established formulas or procedures for quantifying the security risk present in a program. This document details the importance of measuring software security and discusses the less-thansatisfying approaches that are prevalent today. A new set of metrics is then proposed for e...