abstract the spontaneous emission spectrum from a driven three-level atom placed inside a double-band photonic crystal has been investigated. we use the model which assumes the upper levels of the atomic transition are coupled via a classical driving field. the transition from one of the upper levels to lower level couples to the modes of the modified reservoir, and the transition from the othe...

in this paper we investigate the existence and uniqueness for volterra-fredholm type integral equations and extension of this type of integral equations. the result is obtained by using the  coupled fixed point theorems in the framework of banach space $ x=c([a,b],mathbb{r})$. finally, we  give an example to illustrate the applications of our results.

The speed profile of the train will be determined according to criteria such as safety, travel convenience, and the type of electric motor used for traction. Due to the passengers and cargo on the train, the electric train load is constantly changing. This will require reassigning the speed controller’s parameters of the electric train. For this purpose, the Gravitational Search optimization Al...

In this paper we investigate the existence and uniqueness for Volterra-Fredholm type integral equations and extension of this type of integral equations. The result is obtained by using the  coupled fixed point theorems in the framework of Banach space $ X=C([a,b],mathbb{R})$. Finally, we  give an example to illustrate the applications of our results.

We present sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions of second-order two-point boundary value and fractional order functional differential equation problems in a space where self distance is not necessarily zero. For this, first we introduce a Ciric type generalized F-contraction and F- Suzuki contraction in a metric-like space and give relevance to fixed point results. To illustrate...

Love-type wave generation in a fiber-reinforced medium placed over an inhomogeneous orthotropic half-space is analysed. The upper and lower boundary surfaces of the fiber reinforced medium are periodically corrugated. Inhomogeneity of half-space is caused by variable density and variable shear modules. Displacement components for layer and half-space are derived by applying separable variable t...

For an entire function $f(z) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty a_k z^k, a_k>0,$ we define its second quotients of Taylor coefficients as $q_k (f):= \frac{a_{k-1}^2}{a_{k-2}a_k}, k \geq 2.$ In the present paper, study functions order zerowith non-monotonic coefficients. We consider those for which even-indexed are all equal and odd-indexed ones equal:$q_{2k} a>1$ $q_{2k+1} b>1$ $k \in \mathbb{N}.$We ...