O wning Natural resources has been beneficial for some Countries, but hurtful for some others. Optimum management of natural resources in the former group has enhanced economic growth, bad governance, however, has led to Dutch Disease in the latter group. Bad governance in Iran has created Dutch Disease, Rentier State, and Resource Curse, DRR as a characteristic triangle. As the Iran...

A number of the world’s major libraries are embarking on large-scale projects to digitize books, journals, newspapers, and other printed materials. The main purpose of these mass digitization initiatives is to make published content visible to text indexing engines and accessible online for viewing and printing. The projects also present significant archiving challenges: capabilities must be de...

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder resulting from the complex pathogenic interactions of immune system, keratinocytes, genetic susceptibility, and environmental factors. Moreover, psoriasis regarded as systemic disease that extends beyond (Boehncke Schön, 2015Boehncke W.-H. Schön M.P. Psoriasis.Lancet. 2015; 386: 983-994Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1201) Google Scholar),...

Over three billion people world-wide rely on fish for at least 20% of their annual protein intake, with a 122% increase in consumption from 1990 to 2018 (FAO, 2018). However, lack both research and regulation has allowed this US$401 industry threaten the sustainability vulnerable stocks, many which are already listed as threatened categories IUCN Red List At particular risk species late sexual ...

Statistical literacy is a new goal for statistical educators. A core element of statistical literacy for consumers is the ability to read and interpret data in the tables and graphs published by national statistical offices. A core element for producers is the ability to create tables, graphs and reports that are unambiguous and comprehensible. It appears that comprehensibility is not considere...

A key to effective teaching is an awareness and accurate understanding of the thinking and implicit assumptions that students bring to the subject to be learned. In the absence of extensive Socratic interactions with students, one strategy to assess student thinking involves the use of concept inventories (CIs). CIs are typically multiple-choice assessments, constructed based on research into s...