age related cytochemical changes of thymic endocrine cells were studied in 78 day old chicks at five day interval to age of day 60 employing a panel of cytochemical stains. methenamine silver revealed cell morphology including cell processes distinctly while diamine silver revealed a stronger argentaffinity in these cells. the cells had greater affinity for diamine silver compared to methenamin...

chronic exposure to lead (pb) affects neural functions in central nervous system (cns) particularly the learning and memory. on the other hand, alteration of calcium level in the cns results in activation of nos. it has been shown that lead enters the neurons through calcium channels and displaces ca2+ from calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin and troponin c thereby affecting calcium-med...

Key points Neurons in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a cerebral region that connects synaptically with various brain regions, are known to increase neuronal activity accordance hippocampal sharp wave-ripples. Pyramidal cells granular RSC (gRSC) layer 2/3, but not 5, exhibit slowly ramping depolarization and considerably delayed spikes response step-pulse current injection. The latencies of 2/3...

Background & Aim: In traditional medicine, Boswellia species gum resin known as Frankincense or Olibanum, has been administrated in elderly for enhancement of memory and also in pregnant women to increase memory and intelligence of progeny. However, it has been rarely scientifically documented so far. We have previously reported that maternal administration of Frankincense during lacta...

Background & Aim: In traditional medicine, Boswellia species gum resin known as Frankincense or Olibanum, has been administrated in elderly for enhancement of memory and also in pregnant women to increase memory and intelligence of progeny. However, it has been rarely scientifically documented so far. We have previously reported that maternal administration of Frankincense during lacta...

Transient cerebral ischemia kills CA1 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, whereas most CA1 interneurons survive. It has been proposed that calcium-binding proteins, neurotrophins, and/or inhibitory neuropeptides protect interneurons from ischemia. However, different synaptic responses early after reperfusion could also underlie the relative vulnerabilities to ischemia of pyramidal cells and int...

Spike transmission probability between pyramidal cells and interneurons in the CA1 pyramidal layer was investigated in the behaving rat by the simultaneous recording of neuronal ensembles. Population synchrony was strongest during sharp wave (SPW) bursts. However, the increase was three times larger for pyramidal cells than for interneurons. The contribution of single pyramidal cells to the dis...

Unraveling pyramidal cell structure is crucial to understanding cortical circuit computations. Although it is well known that pyramidal cell branching structure differs in the various cortical areas, the principles that determine the geometric shapes of these cells are not fully understood. Here we analyzed and modeled with a von Mises distribution the branching angles in 3D reconstructed basal...

The medial prefrontal cortex is involved in working memory and executive control. However, the collective spatiotemporal organization of the cellular network has not been possible to explain during different brain states. We show that pyramidal cells in the prelimbic cortex fire synchronized to hippocampal theta and local spindle oscillations in anesthetized rats. To identify which types of int...