PURPOSE The properties, performance, and applications of nonelectric disposable infusion pumps are reviewed. SUMMARY All nonelectric disposable infusion pumps exploit the same physical principle: mechanical restriction within the flow path determines the speed of pressurized fluid. The pressure generated by disposable pumps on fluid is 250-600 mm Hg, compared with 5-1200 mm Hg of pressure for...

The reactivity of the living cells provides the real complexity of biological systems. This paper presents a reactive P system where the rules are triggered by certain conditions, and pumps are the parallel processors of a membrane. The computation of a reactive P system is given by parallel composition of conditional rules regarding the pumps, and by sequential and parallel composition of inte...

Bacteria and cancer cells develop resistance to more than one agent as a consequence of being exposed to ineffective levels of the agent for a prolonged period of time. The resistance of these cells is mediated by over-expressed efflux pumps that have the ability to extrude a large variety of unrelated chemicals. This review discusses the main types of multidrug resistant (MDR) efflux systems o...

Digital Particle Imaging Velocimetry (DPIV) is a powerful nonintrusive measuring technique that has become popular in the last decade with the availability of commercial systems. In contrast to Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), which utilizes analogue imaging and therefore time-consuming post processing, for DPIV digital video recording is encountered which is ideally suited for digital data pr...

The use of insulin pump in diabetes is likely to increase with recent advances in technology. Although the evidence for the superiority of pumps over multiple daily injections (MDI) is inconsistent, data from accumulating uncontrolled studies indicate greater reductions in glycated haemoglobin in patients switching to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) from MDI therapy. Due to the ...

Autonomous capillary systems (CSs), where liquids are displaced by means of capillarity, are efficient, fast and convenient platforms for many bioanalytical applications. The proper functioning of these microfluidic devices requires displacing accurate volumes of liquids with precise flow rates. In this work, we show how to design capillary pumps for controlling the flow properties of CSs. The ...

ITT Flygt is an international company that produces mixers and submersible pumps for a global market. The main production site is located in Sweden but there are other production plants all over the world, for instance in China. The plant in Shenyang, China, manufactures small and midsize pumps but in order to gain advantages on the Chinese market a project to start production of the largest pu...

Charge balance law based on conservation of charge is stated and employed to analyze on-chip linear, Fibonacci and exponential charge pumps. For micro-power on-chip implementations, both the positiveand the negativeplate parasitic capacitors have to be considered. Voltage conversion ratios and efficiencies can be obtained in closed form for singleand dual-branch linear charge pumps, but not for...

Liposomes are widely used as drug delivery systems in different forms including osmotic pumps, infusion and IV injection. In spite of these, there is no data available about their behavior under convective flow (e.g. infusion or osmotic pumps) and upon stagnation in such drug delivery systems. As a part of a series of investigations in this area, the present study investigates the effects of vi...

Some people suffering from diabetes use insulin injection pumps to control the blood glucose level. Sometimes, the fault may occur in the sensor or actuator of these pumps. The main objective of this paper is controlling the blood glucose level at the desired level and fault-tolerant control of these injection pumps. To this end, the eligibility traces algorithm is combined with the sliding mod...