Abstract Hydraulic impedance, as an efficient frequency-domain analysis alternative, has been widely utilized in hydraulic transient for decades. Since the mathematical expressions of systems with complicated pipe networks are usually rather complex, it is difficult traditional continuous impedance method to obtain analytical solutions system’s frequency responses directly. Therefore, equivalen...

This paper presents a novel method based on an enhanced firefly algorithm (EFA) to solve scheduling hybrid thermal, pumped-storage, and wind plants. Since the problem is inherently discrete, basic EFA binary encoding/decoding techniques are used in proposed approach. Optimal power values of thermal pumped-storage units determined separately presence uncertainty caused by speed. The applied real...