We evaluated the efficacy of common electrical stimulation (ES) types on bacterial growth in vitro using clinically relevant conditions. Four types of ES--continuous microamperage direct current (microADC), high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC), low-voltage monophasic milliamperage pulsed current (LVMmAPC), and low-voltage biphasic milliamperage pulsed current (LVBmAPC)--were each applied to a sep...

Detection and characterization of the material loss due to corrosion in aircraft fuselage joints plays an important role in life management of aging aircraft. Pulsed eddy current has been shown to effectively characterize hidden corrosion in lap splices. However, variation of the probe lift-off and interlayer gap can cause false indications or inaccuracy in quantification. This paper presents t...

Low-power design is becoming a crucial design objective due to the growing demand on portable applications and increasing difficulties in cooling and heat removal. A clock distribution network (CDN) delivers the clock signal which act as a reference to all sequential elements in the synchronous systems. The clock distribution network consumes a considerable amount of power in electronic devices...

[Fe (tFe) nm/Cu (tCu) nm]N multilayer films were prepared using pulsed-current electrodeposition method. The role of the pulsed-current deposition and Fe and Cu layer thicknesses on the magnetic properties was investigated. The microstructure of the multilayer films is dependent on the thicknesses of both the Fe and Cu layers. The saturation magnetization of the multilayers strongly correlated ...

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) or pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) is a sintering techni‐ que utilizing uniaxial force and a pulsed (on-off) direct electrical current (DC) under low at‐ mospheric pressure to perform high speed consolidation of the powder. This direct way of heating allows the application of very high heating and cooling rates, enhancing densifica‐ tion over grain growth p...