[1] Transient luminous events above thunderstorms such as sprites, halos, and elves require large electric fields in the lower ionosphere. Yet very few in situ measurements in this region have been successfully accomplished, since it is typically too low in altitude for rockets and satellites and too high for balloons. In this article, we present some rare examples of lightning-driven electric ...

BACKGROUND Recent understanding that specific algae have high hydrocarbon production potential has attracted considerable attention. Botryococcus braunii is a microalga with an extracellular hydrocarbon matrix, which makes it an appropriate green energy source. RESULTS This study focuses on extracting oil from the microalgae matrix rather than the cells, eliminating the need for an excessive ...

The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) presents a significant obstacle to the delivery of systemically administered chemotherapeutics for the treatment of brain cancer. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an emerging technology that uses pulsed electric fields for the non-thermal ablation of tumors. We hypothesized that there is a minimal electric field at which BBB disruption occurs surrounding an IR...

PURPOSE Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has been developed as a promising minimally invasive treatment to ablate spontaneous brain tumors with pulsed electric fields in canine patients. The purpose of the study is to determine the Peleg-Fermi parameters needed to incorporate pulse number and pulse duration into the therapeutic planning of IRE. METHODS Seven canine patients were treated wit...

A new time-domain method for subcycle metrology of quantum electric fields using a combination third order nonlinear optical process and homodyne detection with local oscillator (LO) field is proposed analyzed. The enables isolation intrinsically weak noise contribution by subtraction the shot LO on pulse-by-pulse basis. Together centro-symmetric character nonlinearity, this unlocks novel oppor...

Article type: Original Article Introduction: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a process in which the membrane of the cancer cells are irreversibly damaged with the use of high-intensity electric pulses, which in turn leads to cell death. The IRE is a non-thermal way to ablate the cancer cells. This process relies on the distribution of the electric field, which affects the pulse amplitude,...

The aim of this research was to study the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the flavour profile of red-fleshed sweet cherries (Prunus avium variety Stella). The cherry samples were treated at a constant pulse frequency of 100 Hz, a constant pulse width of 20 μs, different electric field strengths between 0.3 and 2.5 kV/cm and specific energy ranging from 31 to 55 kJ/kg. Volatile compoun...

a time-domain approach is presented to calculate electromagnetic fields inside a large electromagnetic pulse (emp) simulator. this type of emp simulator is used for studying the effect of electromagnetic pulses on electrical apparatus in various structures such as vehicles, a reoplanes, etc. the simulator consists of three planar transmission lines. to solve the problem, we first model the meta...

Consumer demands for high-quality foods with ‘‘fresh-like’’ characteristics that require only a minimum amount of effort and time for preparation has led to the introduction of convenience foods preserved by mild treatments. Non-thermal methods allow the processing of foods below temperatures used during thermal pasteurisation, so flavours, essential nutrients, and vitamins undergo minimal or n...

The dynamics of electric field generation and radial acceleration of ions by a laser pulse of relativistic intensity propagating in an underdense plasma has been investigated using an one-dimensional electrostatic, ponderomotive model developed to interpret experimental measurements of electric fields [S. Kar et al, New J. Phys. 9, 402 (2007)]. Ions are spatially focused at the edge of the char...