Constant mean curvature (CMC) hypersurfaces in a compact Riemannian manifold (Mm+1, g) constitute an important class of submanifolds and have been studied extensively. In this paper we are interested in degenerating families of such submanifolds which ‘condense’ to a submanifold Kk ⊂ Mm+1 of codimension greater than 1. It is not hard to see that the closer a CMC hypersurface is (e.g. in the Hau...

Combustion-induced turbulence is studied in explosions of methane/air a steel sphere with optical access. Rms turbulent velocities, u', created by four peripheral variable speed fans, were measured Particle Image Velocimetry, PIV, which indicated near-uniform, isotropic turbulence, small mean velocities. The gaseous expansion near-spherical propagating flame generated radially outwards velocity...

In a turbocharged engine, preserving the maximum amount of exhaust pulse energy for turbine operation will result in improved low end torque and engine transient response. However, the exhaust flow entering the turbine is highly unsteady, and the presence of the turbine as a restriction in the exhaust flow results in a higher pressure at the cylinder exhaust ports and consequently poor scavengi...

Combustion characteristics (Introduction) .................................................................................................... 1 Combustion fundamentals (What it is) ..................................................................................................... 1 What it is not ...................................................................................................

Dedicated in-cylinder reforming where gasoline fuel is injected directly into a rich mixture can control the combustion of engines. This work investigates effects injection parameters and on direction (GDI) engine operated under low-temperature mode. The single-cylinder research modified from dedicated 4-cylinder spark-ignited used in subcompact passenger vehicles. Experimental kinetics results...

The synthesis of singleand double-wall carbon nanotubes by gas flow-modified, catalyst-supported chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) is reported. We have investigated the gas flow condition dependence on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by placing blocks in the CCVD reactor. Carbon nanotubes having large diameters are preferentially grown under turbulent flow conditions. This indicates tha...