انحراف در رهبری جامعه نوپای اسلامی منجر به انحراف در احکام و سیاست‏ها شد. مسلمانان که در عصر پیامبر طبق دستورات قرآن و آموزه‏های نبوی عمل می‏کردند، با رفتارهایی از سوی حاکمان مواجه شدند که در تناقض با کتاب و سنت نبوی بود و بتدریج عنوان سنت یافت و مقبولیت عامه را بدست آورد. این رفتارها در قالب احکام عبادی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی قابل بحث و بررسی است. در مقابل سنتهای غلط که بدعت نامیده می‏شوند،...

We investigate post-communist redistributive policies in Serbia, focusing particularly on the period after 2000. Our main argument is that market fundamentalism, which posits most efficient solution for postcommunist transition, has failed to deliver its promises. The expectation was that, a temporary transitional sacrifice, worse-off would benefit equally with better-off by reaping rewards of ...

With this paper, we hope to foster debate about the place of open access (OA) in scholarly publishing. After providing a background to OA’s development and current state, we examine some of the accusations leveled against it: that OA publishers are predatory, that OA is too expensive, and that self-depositing papers in OA repositories will bring about the end of scholarly publishing. After cont...

Influenced by the linking model which is implicit in HTML, today’s publishing model on the Web is contentcentered, with the emphasis of publishing on content rather than links. With the growing amount of information available on the Web, and the more powerful hypermedia architectures made possible by new Web technologies, putting the content into context will become increasingly important. In t...

background: thesis is an important part of specialisation and doctorate education and requires intense work. the aim of this study was to investigate the publication rates of turkish public health doctorate theses (phdt) and public health specialization (phst) theses in international and turkish national peer-review journals and to analyze the distribution of research areas. methods: list of al...

We are delighted to be invited to contribute to the new CODATA journal which is being launched at a critical time for the scientific world's data, information and knowledge. This article reflects a presentation at CODATA2000 (Baveno, Italy, 2000) by P-MR. It illustrates some of the ways forward in STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) publishing and discusses how it could go beyond the tradit...