The aim of this paper is investigating the impacts of residents empowering in physical and environmental improvements in informal settlements. This place has some problems such as safety, health and environmental that Managers and municipal authorities should take action to fix them. In this regard The NGOs as an intermediary between the people and town officials could have a significant role i...

today, online social networks are very popular due to the possibility of creating relationships between people all over the world. these social networks with possibilities such as friend recommendation generally use local features derived from social graph structure. for friend recommendation, there are different algorithms with local and global approaches. in this paper, we proposed an algorit...

The paper examines the relationship between supplier network organization and regional economic development. A distinctive feature of the German economy is the existence of a large and productive base of small and medium companies, commonly called the Mittelstand. Chambers of Commerce, trade associations, local research institutes and other para-public institutions provide a public infrastructu...

In his insightful editorial, Nir Eyal explores the connections between nudging and shaming. One upshot of his argument is that we should question the principle of the least restrictive alternative in public health and health policy. In this commentary, I maintain that Eyal’s argument undermines only a rather implausible version of the principle of the least restrictive alternative and I sketch ...