Abstract Private sector Active Cyber Defence (ACD) lies on the intersection of domestic security and international is a recurring subject, often under more provocative flag ‘hack back’, in American debate about cyber security. This article looks at theory practice private provision analyses detail number recent reports publications ACD by Washington DC based commissions think tanks. Many these ...

We examine how firms evaluate and compensate their chief financial officers (CFOs). CFOs participate in decision making much like other executives, but unlike most other executives they have fiduciary responsibilities for reporting firms’ financial results and safeguarding the integrity of financial reporting. Responsibility for financial reporting raises the question of whether it is appropria...

cooperation of all health sectors and early diagnosis of the disease are the key factors for controlling tuberculosis. this study assesses the patterns of reported tuberculosis cases in iran.this was a cross sectional study. tuberculosis cases were defined according to world health organization and iran's national tb guidelines. final data were prepared for analysis using spss16 software.public...

Background Health expenditures are divided in two parts of public and private health expenditures. Public health expenditures contain social security spending, taxing to private and public sectors, and foreign resources like loans and subventions. On the other hand, private health expenditures contain out of pocket expenditures and private insurances. Each of these has different effects on the ...

background and objectives: hospitals usually generate large amounts of hazardous waste. if not managed properly, hospital waste can pose threats to public safety and damage the environment. waste minimization is a waste management approach that focuses on reducing the amount and toxicity of hazardous wastes. this study pursues a two-fold purpose: 1) to gain insight into hospital waste minimizat...

Abstract Critical infrastructure resilience requires disintegrating traditional silos of stakeholders to form collaborative network such as a public-private partnership. is mostly influenced by the relationship between public (government institutions/agencies) and private sector (private institutions/agencies). Public-private partnership recognized medium build critical infrastructure. In this ...