In this paper, we calculate electron and hole impactionization coefficients in In0.52Al0.48As using a Monte Carlo modelwhich has two valleys and two bands for electrons and holesrespectively. Also, we calculate multiplication factor for electronand hole initiated multiplication regimes and breakdown voltagein In0.52Al0.48As PIN avalanche photodiodes. To validate themodel, we compare our simulat...

in this paper, we determine the structure of the space of multipliers of the range of a composition operator cφ that induces by the conditional expectation between two lp() spaces.

It is well known that multiplication inside a computer does not follow the associative property because of roundoff effects. possible to use this fact generate other different chaotic instances maps or oscillators when three terms appears. Chaos very sensitive small changes in initial conditions and amplifies these rounding We condition build instances, which give results, Lü oscillator 2D map,...

Linear transformations such as min–max normalization and z-score standardization are commonly used in logistic regression for the purpose of scaling. However, work literature on linear has two major limitations. First, most focuses improving fit model. Second, effects rarely discussed. In this paper, we first generalized a transformation single variable to multiple variables by matrix multiplic...

relative to a hereditary torsion theory $tau$ we introduce a dimension for a module $m$, called {em $tau$-rank of} $m$, which coincides with the reduced rank of $m$ whenever $tau$ is the goldie torsion theory. it is shown that the $tau$-rank of $m$ is measured by the length of certain decompositions of the $tau$-injective hull of $m$. moreover, some relations between the $tau$-rank of $m$ and c...

the operations in the set of fuzzy numbers are usually obtained bythe zadeh extension principle. but these definitions can have some disadvantagesfor the applications both by an algebraic point of view and by practicalaspects. in fact the zadeh multiplication is not distributive with respect tothe addition, the shape of fuzzy numbers is not preserved by multiplication,the indeterminateness of t...