Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder with an acute or subacute onset, typically of a monophasic nature, which affects multifocal areas of the central nervous system. ADEM is commonly associated with an antecedent or concomitant infection that is usually viral. However, in the last few years, several published reports have indicated an association...

Bioavailability File: Metronidazole Summary Metronidazole is an antimicrobial nitroimidazole derivative, which was originally introduced to treat Trichomonas vaginalis but nowadays is used for the treatment of anaerobic and protozoal infections. Metronidazole is bactericidal through toxic metabolites, which cause deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand breakage. It has a bioavailability of more than...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as Kala-Azar, is a disseminated protozoal infection caused principally by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum (known as Leishmania chagasi in South America). The therapeutic options for VL are diverse and depend on different factors, such as the geographical area of the infection, development of resistance to habitual treatments, HIV co-infection,...

We have previously demonstrated conjugation of Escherichia coli into vacuoles of the protozoal ciliate (Tetrahymena thermophila). This indicated a possible role of ciliates in evoking bacterial quorum sensing, directly connecting bacterial survival via accumulation in the ciliate vacuoles. We therefore assessed if ciliates promoted bacterial autoinducer (AI)-2 accumulation with vacuole formatio...

by insects, ticks, and other arthropods and mechanical vectors (vehicles). Also included within the scope of part one are the development, implementation and evaluation of intervention strategies to prevent, control or eliminate arthropod disease vector viral hazards and associated risks. Part two of the Environmental Health Insights Disease Vectors supplement focuses on bacterial agents transm...

This report reviews the infectious diseases (bacterial, protozoal and viral) of cattle which are transmissible by mating or insemination, with reference to pathological consequences, diagnosis and effective prophylactic measures. While brucellosis, campylobacteriosis and trichomoniasis are generally under good control (although sporadic outbreaks may still occur), each disease has its diagnosti...

parasitic diseases are harmful and limiting factors in breeding and rearing ornamental fish industry. in this study, 400 apparently healthy ornamental fishes from five species (each species 80 specimens) including: goldfish (carassius auratus), guppy (poecilia reticulate), angelfish (pterophyllum scalare), discus (symphsodon discus) and sailfin mollies (poecilia latipinna) was obtained from a l...

tfisp0rt *nca, to spend some time bathing in delectable limpid freshwater pools, to ,:?f"K.elfon a sandy beach, to rest under shady trees, to enjoy green salads and many otuS at. a Picnic lunch and to return home the same night incubating, among lapsin? f6r ln^ections, the malarias, the dysenteries, typhoid and typhus fevers, reS^ePin C-Ver' bookworm disease, bilharzial infections of the bladde...

District Laboratory, Calcutta Numerous observers in the East have stressed the importance and prevalence of bacillary dysentery, particularly when due to infections with the B. flexner group. This statement has been corroborated from time to time by various workers in several parts of India. The following summary of results obtained during 1930-31 in the Military District (comprising mainly Min...