Sustained elevations in circulating glucocorticoids elicit reductions in skeletal muscle microvascular content, but little is known of the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress contributes to this phenomenon. In rats that were implanted with corticosterone (CORT) or control pellets, CORT caused a significant decrease in muscle glutathione levels and...

Cyclization-carbonylation of α,β-alkynic hydrazones and (o-alkynylphenyl) (methoxymethyl) sulfides with Pd(tfa)2 in DMSO/MeOH afforded methyl pyrazole-4-carboxylates and benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylates, respectively, in good yields. A simple change of the ligand (solvent) allowed controlled, effective switching between cyclization-carbonylation-cyclization-coupling (CCC-coupling) reactions and...

Carbonylation is a posttranslational modification (PTM or PTLM), where a carbonyl group is added to lysine (K), proline (P), arginine (R), and threonine (T) residue of a protein molecule. Carbonylation plays an important role in orchestrating various biological processes but it is also associated with many diseases such as diabetes, chronic lung disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease...

Mechanisms of double carbonylation reactions catalyzed by palladium complexs to give a-keto amides and a-keto esters, stoichiometric double carbonylation of ally1 carbonates, and cyclization carbonylation . of 3-butenoic acid to give cyclic anhydrides are discussed as combination of elementary processes of organometallic reactions.

Although the genome contains all the information necessary for maintenance and perpetuation of life, it is the proteome that repairs, duplicates and expresses the genome and actually performs most cellular functions. Here we reveal strong phenotypes of physiological oxidative proteome damage at the functional and genomic levels. Genome-wide mutations rates and biosynthetic capacity were monitor...

BACKGROUND Carbonylation is an irreversible modification caused by the introduction into proteins of carbonyl derivatives (aldehydes and ketones), which can alter protein structure and function and lead to cellular dysfunction and tissue damage. Chronic uremia may be associated with an increased carbonyl overload ("carbonyl stress"), though carbonyl formation has been proposed so far for major ...