A PROP is a way of encoding structure borne by an object of a symmetric monoidal category. We describe a notion of distributive law for PROPs, based on Beck’s distributive laws for monads. A distributive law between PROPs allows them to be composed, and an algebra for the composite PROP consists of a single object with an algebra structure for each of the original PROPs, subject to compatibilit...

Bregman Distan es Stephen Della Pietra, Vin ent Della Pietra, and John La erty O tober 8, 2001 CMU-CS-01-109 S hool of Computer S ien e Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Abstra t We formulate and prove a onvex duality theorem for Bregman distan es and present a te hnique based on auxiliary fun tions for deriving and proving onvergen e of iterative algorithms to minimize Bregman di...

We compared, in volunteers, the effect of propofol (PROP) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) sedation on autonomic nervous activities and subjective feelings during psychological stresses. In a crossover design, 25 subjects received PROP and DEX titrated to a bispectral index value of 75 to 85. Heart rate, heart rate variability, and salivary alpha-amylase (objective indices) and a faces anxiety scale (...

A new learning algorithm for multilayer neural networks that we have named No-Propagation (No-Prop) is hereby introduced. With this algorithm, the weights of the hidden-layer neurons are set and fixed with random values. Only the weights of the output-layer neurons are trained, using steepest descent to minimize mean square error, with the LMS algorithm of Widrow and Hoff. The purpose of introd...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) sensitivity to BMI while statistically controlling for demographic characteristics in two age groups of children: 9-10 years and 17-18 years (n 1551). DESIGN Cross-sectional design with a multi-ethnic (White, African-American, Hispanic, Other) sample of 813 children aged 9-10 years and 738 children aged 17-18 years. Children...

We describe a three-dimensional user interface for pre-operative neurosurgical planning based on the physical manipulation of familiar real-world objects in free space. Using these passive interface props, neurosurgeons can apply their existing skills to specify spatial relationships in a natural and direct manner. The interface currently employs a head viewing prop, a cuttingplane selection pr...

Werner’s set-theoretical model is one of the most intuitive models of ECC. It combines a functional view of predicative universes with a collapsed view of the impredicative sort Prop. However this model of Prop is so coarse that the principle of excluded middle P ∨¬P holds. In this paper, we interpret Prop into a topological space (a special case of Heyting algebra) to make it more intuitionist...

UNLABELLED The enzymatic activity of Escherichia coli endo-RNase III determines the stability of a subgroup of mRNA species, including bdm, betT, and proU, whose protein products are associated with the cellular response to osmotic stress. Here, we report that the stability of proP mRNA, which encodes a transporter of osmoprotectants, is controlled by RNase III in response to osmotic stress. We...

Background Endothelial function (EF) reflects the balance between vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive factors produced by (or acting on) the innermost lining of blood vessels. Endothelial dysfunction, an imbalance between these factors that favors vasoconstriction, has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, the influence of race/ethnicity and glycemic status on a...

BACKGROUND Sensitivity to the bitter compound 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) is genetically mediated. Sensitivity to PROP has been associated with weight status in both adults and children. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is an association between PROP sensitivity and BMI in low-income children of diverse race/ethnicity, among whom there is a high prevalence of obesity. METHODS AND PROCED...