To deal with rising city center congestion and its associated pollution, the UK government has proposed a number of policy measures. In particular, the 1998 White Paper indicated that “the bus industry will make an important and cost-effective contribution to tackling congestion and pollution at the local level.” Since the privatization of the bus industry during the 1980s, local government—the...

Affiliate marketing programs have emerged as one of the fastest-growing methods for online retailers to acquire customers and increase sales. Affiliate marketing offers a number of advantages, including a relatively low cost and the ability to accurately track the actions of website visitors and their responses to targeted promotional activities. However, while these programs have proven effect...

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and characteristics of tobacco sales and point-of-sale promotions and advertising in predominantly Latino business districts, and in comparison districts; and the economic importance of tobacco sales and marketing to Latino owned small businesses. DESIGN Observational surveys of retail establishments and interviews with store managers. SETTING Demographica...

To make informed forecasting and replenishment decisions, many companies bring together operational elements of production and distribution with sales and marketing, executing Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) collaborative improvement processes. As cross-functional and consensus-based processes, S&OP activities create value by keeping supply and demand in balance. But most S&OP arrangements...

The general approach to adaptive and dual control is to formulate an optimal stochastic control problem. However, for such an approach only mathematical representations of the solution are available which allow little insight into the structure of the optimal controller. Here, an alternative deterministic approach is presented based upon determining a control in which a disturbance attenuation ...

BACKGROUND Tobacco promotions are linked to tobacco consumption in adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine knowledge of and exposure and responses to tobacco-promotional activities and factors associated with knowledge among adolescents in a rural setting in Sri Lanka. METHODS Seven schools in Polonnaruwa district were randomly selected for this cross-sectional study. Adolescents ...

An experiment in which 329 undergraduates (186 females, 143 males) read magazine articles or advertisements for four products provides support for Meyers-Levy's selectivity hypothesis, which suggests that females are comprehensive information processors, while males utilize heuristics to process information schematically. The results suggest that women exposed to promotional messages: processed...

BACKGROUND Since the implementation of the 2002 Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act, point-of-sale (PoS) tobacco displays are one of few remaining means of communication between the tobacco industry and customers in the UK. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of tobacco displays in a UK city, and particularly to assess the tobacco prices and promotional offers, types and pack size...