In times of war and rumours of peace, when ‘terrorism’ and ‘torture’ are being revisited and redefined, one of the things some of us should be doing is talking and writing about cultures of peace. In what follows, I ask questions about the place of culture in protest by considering the cluster of issues around the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) from its founding in London in 1958. I loo...

background: proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) is a nuclear protein synthesized in the late g1 and s-phase of the cell cycle. detection of this protein represents a useful marker of the proliferation status of lesions. this study has been carried out to evaluate the cell proliferation rate in oral lichen planus (olp) and comparison between plaque and erosive lichen planus, which indicate...

Verification of current nuclear arms control treaties between United States and Russia relies primarily on the verification of delivery vehicles. Warheads are counted indirectly via the delivery vehicles that they are associated with. As states move to lower numbers of nuclear weapons in their arsenals, verification will likely pose complex challenges. Most importantly, future nuclear disarmame...

In 1950, Bertrand Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. He might more appropriately have been honoured with the Prize for Peace, given his ardent commitment to the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Yet, intellectually, his greatest contribution has been in philosophy for which there is no Nobel Prize. In particular, he is remembered for his paradoxes and their implications for the...

T he United States carried out the world's fi rst nuclear test, codenamed " Trinity, " on 16 July 1945 in the desert of New Mexico. Just three weeks later, on 6 August, the US exploded a uranium device called " Little Boy " 2,000 feet above the Japanese city of Hiroshima, killing around 150,000 people. Three days later, the US deployed a second nuclear bomb, a plutonium device called " Fat Man,...

A new line of nuclear winter research shows that even small, regional nuclear wars could have catastrophic global consequences. However, major disarmament to avoid nuclear winter goes against the reasons nuclear weapon states have for keeping their weapons in the first place, in particular deterrence. To reconcile these conflicting aims, this paper develops the concept of winter-safe deterrence...

A paper by Deng and Conitzer in AAAI’17 introduces disarmament games, in which players alternatingly commit not to play certain pure strategies. However, in practice disarmament usually does not consist in removing a strategy, but rather in removing a resource (and doing so rules out all the strategies in which that resource is used simultaneously). In this paper, we introduce a model of disarm...

A paper by Deng and Conitzer in AAAI’17 introduces disarmament games, in which players alternatingly commit not to play certain pure strategies. However, in practice disarmament usually does not consist in removing a strategy, but rather in removing a resource (and doing so rules out all the strategies in which that resource is used simultaneously). In this paper, we introduce a model of disarm...