The nuclear factorB (NFB) family is comprised of DNA-binding protein factors that are required for the transcription of most proinflammatory molecules, including adhesion molecules, enzymes, cytokines, and chemokines. Studies performed in a variety of cell and animal based experimental systems suggest that NFB activation is a key event early in the pathobiology of diabetes. The purpose of this ...

The action of corticosteroids is exerted through steroid-specific receptors in the cytoplasm of steroidresponsive tissues. This interaction results in the altered transcription of genes, leading to a wide variety of anti-inflammatory effects as well as other effects on the biology of articular cells that are of variable benefit. Corticosteroids are able to suppress inflammation at virtually all...

in the present study, we aimed to screen indigenous rhizospheric bacillus strains, capable of producing antiphytopathogenic and plant growth promoting traits. isolate cts-b19 and cts-g24 exhibited quite noticeable antagonistic activity initially against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and rhizoctonia bataticola, and, later, against a panel of phytopathogens. partial 16s rrna sequence analysis ...

The present study investigates the relative ability of α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol (Toc) to modulate cell signaling events that are associated with inflammatory responses in fetal-derived intestinal (FHs 74 Int) cells. Secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 in FHs 74 Int cells was stimulated in the following order: α-Toc<γ-Toc<δ-Toc. A similar proinflammatory response was observed when inf...

In obesity, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play a key role in mediating proinflammatory responses in the adipose tissue, which are associated with obesityrelated metabolic complications. Recently, adipose tissue hypoxia has been implicated in the regulation of ATMs in obesity. However, the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2a, one of the major transcription factors induced by hypoxia, h...

Cytochromes are expressed in many different tissues of the human body. They are found mostly in intestinal and hepatic tissues. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are enzymes that oxidize substances using iron and are able to metabolize a large variety of xenobiotic substances. CYP enzymes are linked to a wide array of reactions including and O-dealkylation, S-oxidation, epoxidation, and hydroxylation. Th...

OBJECTIVES Despite the rising number of patients with osteoarthritis, no sufficient chondroprotective and prophylactic therapy for osteoarthritis has been established yet. The purpose of this study was to verify whether stimulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor via nicotine has a beneficial effect on cartilage degeneration in the development of osteoarthritis and is capable of reducin...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells. In humans with T1D and in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice (a murine model for human T1D), autoreactive T cells cause β-cell destruction, as transfer or deletion of these cells induces or prevents disease, respectively. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells use distinct effect...

Phase I and II enzymes are involved in the metabolism of endogenous reactive compounds as well as xenobiotics, including toxicants and drugs. Genotyping studies have established several drug metabolizing enzymes as markers for risk of drug hypersensitivity. However, other candidates are emerging that are involved in drug metabolism but also in the generation of danger or costimulatory signals. ...

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial disease. Activated keratinocytes release proinflammatory cytokines that induce Th2 lymphocytes to produce key AD inflammatory microenvironment. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), including cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands and the metabolic enzymes of these ligands, has recently been implicated in regulation various skin process, prolifera...