objective(s): neuroprotective effects of female gonadal steroids are mediated through several pathways involving multiple peptides and receptors after traumatic brain injury (tbi). two of these peptides are including the regulatory peptides neuromedin u (nmu) and neuromedin s (nms), and their common receptor neuromedin u2 receptor (nmur2). this study investigates the effects of physiological do...

background: hypospadias is one of the most common congenital abnormalities in the male which is characterized by altered development of urethra, foreskin and ventral surface of the penis. androgen receptor gene plays a critical role in the development of the male genital system by mediating the androgens effects. objective: in present study, we looked for new variations in androgen receptor pro...

background and objective:determination of her2 gene is crucial in breast carcinoma management and prognosis, as her2 alterations are linked to a shorter disease-free period, overall survival and resistance to tamoxifen anti-estrogen therapy and other chemotherapy regimens, regardless of the nodal or hormone receptor status. this study aimed to estimate her2 gene status of infiltrative mammary c...

tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. in recent years, genetically approach has been developed. one of the interesting gene for investigator is ifn-γr1. in this study we determind susceptibility to tuberculosis with polymorphism of ifn-γr1 gene. fifthly patients with smear positive tuberculosis have been chosen randomly. they were matched with 54 healthy contr...

expression of receptor tyrosine kinase ror1 in a wide variety of cancers has emerged as a new era focusing on targeting this receptor in cancer therapy. our preliminary re-sults indicate the presence of a truncated transcript of ror1 in tumor cells. the trun-cated ror1 encompasses extracellular and transmembrane domains, lacking catalytic kinase domain (ror1-ecd). as enzyme activity is highly d...

psa is a 33-kda serine protease that is produced predominantly by prostate epithelium. however, it has been shown that about 30-40% of female breast tumors produce psa and its production is associated with the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors. we have now developed a new tissue culture system to study psa production in breast cancer and its association with prognostic factors suc...

The progesterone receptor has been localized in the rabbit uterus by immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level, using monoclonal antibodies and the protein A-gold technique. The progesterone receptor in uterine stromal cells was mainly localized in the nucleus; however, a small fraction of antigen was present in the cytoplasm, where it was associated with the rough endoplasmic retic...

the cyclical changes in the gonadotropins stimulate ovarian follicular development either to the ovulatory stage or to undergo atresia. one such intrafollicular factor may be inter-cellular communication via gap junctions. we have examined the effects of two agents (retinoids and alkanols), known to disrupt or uncouple gap junction, on fsh-stimulated lh receptor induction and progestrone synthe...

brain edema plays an important role in secondary tissue damage following traumatic brain injury (tbi) but the underlying mechanisms are not entirely elucidated. the g protein coupled receptor fm-4 and its ligands, neuromedin s (nms) and neuromedin u (nmu), are expressed in diverse brain areas, and have a variety of roles in nociception, inflammation, and stress but their probable changes after ...