a growing body of research has indicated that students of esl/efl are reticent and unwilling to be engaged in oral activities in english lessons. communicative language ability includes speaking ability, so vocabulary knowledge plays an integral role in speaking a language. however, there have been few studies examining the degree to which vocabulary knowledge affects speaking ability. the pres...

A wide area of research has been done in the field of noise removal in Electrocardiogram signals.. Electrocardiograms (ECG) play an important role in diagnosis process and providing information regarding heart diseases. In this paper, we propose a new method for removing the baseline wander interferences, based on discrete wavelet transform and Butterworth/Chebyshev filtering. The ECG data is t...

Introduction Many joint deseases are related to damages of the articular cartilage layer. These damages may be quantified by measurements of the cartilage thickness distribution throughout the joint surface, supplying the physician with a paramter allowing to stage joint dysfunctions or to monitor therapeutic interventions, such as chondroprotective treatment or cartilage transplantation. With ...

An incremental relaying protocol based on the adaptive decode-and-forward relaying scheme is presented for a cooperative wireless network with binary frequency-shift keying modulation. To reduce error propagation and satisfy biterror-rate (BER) requirement, the proposed protocol employs two thresholds. One threshold is used to select reliable relays: if a relay is requested to re-trnsmit, it wi...