Iran`s pharmaceutical products market as one of the major markets of the country has been faced with fluctuations over time. Suitable market selection is necessary for stability of pharmaceutical exports. Study of the global market structure of this product leads to policy makers in development, production, and trade of pharmaceuticals and finally increases country’s share of the world pharmace...

Many markets use a Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) or product-based approach to engineering in order to reduce project cost, schedule and risk, take advantage of product maturity and secure long-term support. The product-based approach presents challenges for both product developers and project engineers when applied to safety-related applications. Project engineers are obliged to present evide...

The modern U.S. “market” for weapons and weapon systems has two dominating features. First, it is characterized by a single buyer, DoD, which defines the product and controls the sales opportunities of weapon system providers.2 Unlike most commercial product markets, the weapons market is centralized, historically driven by the detailed performance and technical requirements provided by DoD.3 E...

Previous articles have noted the possibility of socially ineficient levels of entry in markets in whichJirms must incurjixed set-up costs upon entry. This article identijies thefundamental and intuitive forces that lie behind these entry biases. Ifan entrant causes incumbentJirms to reduce output, entry is more desirable to the entrant than it is to society. There is therefore a tendency toward...

We model the availability of information about product attributes in Internet-based markets, focusing on a phenomenon that we term as information deficit (availability of less than perfect information about product attributes) and its impact on the equilibrium strategies of sellers and buyers in electronic markets. We create a model of a market for a differentiated product and investigate how b...

The Internet is changing the transaction pattern of B2B markets. One of the major concerns of IT knowledge-based companies is how to take advantage of B2B online markets. These companies believe that the only possible strategy for entering these markets is to launch independent websites, and they are usually reluctant to enter these markets due to the requirements such as financial resources an...

We consider an incumbent who operates in two independent markets and has private information about his production cost. In one of the markets, there is a potential entrant o¤ering a di¤erentiated product. The most reasonable perfect bayesian equilibrium is either the least cost separating equilibrium or the pooling equilibrium where both types of incumbents set the low cost monopoly prices. The...