The ultimate objective of EC competition rules is arguably the enhancement of ‘consumer welfare’. In EC competition law, however, ‘consumer’ merely means ‘customer’. Not being limited to final consumers, the concept also encompasses intermediate customers. Moreover, according to the EC Commission, under Article 82EC, harm to intermediate customers is generally presumed to create harm to consume...

A model of the Iranian wheat market is specified and fitted to data from 1981-2008. Severaldiagnostic tests were employed in the analysis to determine the specification of the model. Despitethe simplicity of the model and data problems, an examination of the econometric model leads toseveral conclusions with possible important policy implications for the wheat economy in Iran.The general result...

ABSTRACT- Iran achieved its self-sufficiency goal in wheat production a few years ago, perhaps at the expense of decreasing the production of other grains specially barley as stated by critics in the country. Considering the dependency of wheat and barley markets on each other, policy preference functions were estimated separately for each market. Incorporating political weights, a game theory ...

Is the observed large increase in consumer indebtedness since the 1980s beneficial for U.S. consumers? This paper quantitatively studies the macroeconomic and welfare implications of relaxing borrowing constraints when consumers exhibit a hyperbolic discounting preference. The model can capture two contrasting views: the positive view, which links increased indebtedness to financial innovation ...

Introduction: Dependencies And Coordination Organizational Research Research In Artificial Intelligence And Other Fields A Framework For Studying Coordination Managing Task-Resource Dependencies Task Uses A Resource Task Produces A Resource Managing Dependencies Among Multiple Tasks And Resources Shared Resource Producer-Consumer Common Object Dependencies Between One Task And Multiple Resource...