policy capacity focuses on the managerial and organizational abilities to inform policy decisions with sound research and analysis, and facilitate policy implementation with operational efficiency. it stems from a view of the policy process that is rational and positivistic, in which optimal policy choices can be identified, selected, and implemented with objectivity. by itself, however, policy...

the central issue in strategy formulation and implementation process, or strategy-making, is the identification of environmental forces and the preparation of a plan of action to deal with them. this necessitates scanning the environment for gathering information. environmental scanning should enable the firm to identify these forces. doing this not only calls for information gathering, but als...

At ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), a new compact solid-state detector has been installed to measure the energy spectrum of fast neutrals based on the principle described by Shinohara et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 3640 (2004)]. The diagnostic relies on the usual charge exchange of supra-thermal fast-ions with neutrals in the plasma. Therefore, the measured energy spectra directly correspond to those of co...

We propose a generic and computationally efficient framework within which input XML data can be transformed depending on environment descriptions (e.g., terminal capabilities) and rule descriptions (e.g., access policies). We adopt a hybrid approach; the transformation engine consists of XSLT and DOM processors. The input XML data is transformed by an XSLT instance that is adapted by a DOM prog...

Introduction of LTE (Long Term Evolution) brings enhanced quality for 3GPP multimedia services. The high throughput and low latency of LTE enable higher quality media coding than what is possible in UMTS. LTE-specific codecs have not yet been defined but work on them is ongoing in 3GPP. The LTE codecs are expected to improve the basic signal quality, but also to offer new capabilities such as e...

the aim of this research is to scrutinize the effects of democratic regional organizations on democratization. we will scrutinize regional organizations regardless of their functional time and space. but attending the democratic feature that was regarded, we will concentrate mainly on the last three decades. after studying democratization process and represent subjects on democratic regional or...

The Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a class of reprogrammable and reconfigurable radios which can be switched from one air-interface to another. It is generally employed in software, which can be easily realized on base-station side. On terminal-side, the configurability of the radio has to be maintained in hybrid architecture, consist of both software as well as hardware, due to computational ...