Interleukin-1 (IL-1) participates in the progression of glomerulonephritis by up-regulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in experimental glomerulonephritis. Probucol, an anti-hyperlipidemic agent, ameliorates some types of glomerulonephritis regardless of serum cholesterol levels, and is also reported to inhibit IL-1 release from macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. ...

Several recent epidemiological studies have proposed that cholesterol-lowering drug Statin may provide protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Probucol is a non-Statin cholesterol-lowering drug and a potent inducer of apolipoprotein E (apoE) production in peripheral circulation. A recent clinical study using Probucol in elderly AD subjects revealed a concomitant stabilisation of cognitive ...

BACKGROUND Improved outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention remain an unmet clinical need. We assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of novel polymer-free sirolimus- and probucol-eluting stent in diabetic patients enrolled in intracoronary stenting and angiographic results: test efficacy of sirolimus- and probucol-eluting versus zotarolimus-...

Hypercholesterolemia may increase stroke risk by accelerating atherosclerosis, narrowing the luminal diameter in cerebral vessels, and disrupting both vascular endothelial and smooth muscle function. In the present study, we investigated the beneficial effects of combinatorial therapy with probucol and cilostazol on focal cerebral ischemia with hypercholesterolemia. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knoc...

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by symptoms attributable to the death of striatal and cortical neurons. The molecular mechanisms mediating neuronal death in HD involve oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), an irreversible inhibitor of the mitochondrial enzyme succinat...

Oxidants have been shown to be involved in the initiation of chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats, but it is uncertain whether they have a role in the progression of this disease. Rats given a single internal jugular venous bolus of puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) develop early nephrotic syndrome that subsides after about 28 days followed by a 4-wk period of minimal proteinuria an...

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used in cancer chemotherapy and immunosuppression, which could cause toxicity of the normal cells due to its toxic metabolites. Probucol, cholesterol-lowering drug, acts as potential inhibitor of DNA damage and shows to protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by enhancing the endogenous antioxidant system including glutathione peroxidase, catalase an...

OBJECTIVE Lowering the blood concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is the primary strategy employed in treating atherosclerotic disorders; however, most commonly prescribed statins prevent cardiovascular events in just 30% to 40% of treated patients. Therefore, additional treatment is required for patients in whom statins have been ineffective. In this study of atherosclero...

AIMS Probucol is an anti-hyperlipidemic agent and a potent antioxidant drug that can delay progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and reverses renal oxidative stress in diabetic animal models; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. p66Shc is a newly recognized mediator of mitochondrial ROS production in renal cells under high-glucose (HG) ambience. We previously show...

The effects of probucol, a cholesterol-lowering agent, on several cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform-specific reactions in human liver microsomes were investigated to predict drug interactions with probucol in vivo from in vitro data. The following eight CYP catalytic reactions were used in this study: CYP1A1/2-mediated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, CYP2A6-mediated coumarin 7-hydroxylation, CYP2...