Life in today's global village has two ontological and epistemological aspects. One problem of the globalized world related to these two aspects, which will be discussed in this article first is the fact that the civilization of the globalized world has, in some ways, been disconnected from its culture, since civilization moves towards collectivism whereas culture moves towards ind...

CLINICAL HISTORY A 77-year-old man has a history of similar recurring headaches since he was a teenager. For years, the headaches would occur about one time per month, but for the last 5 years, they occur about once per week. He reports a left frontal-retro-orbital aching non-throbbing pain without associated aura, nausea, vomiting, and light or noise sensitivity. Untreated headaches can last 1...

this study aimed to identify problems arising from lack of knowledge in interest groups about wastewater reuse and delphi survey was conducted. according to experts, the most important factor that may cause the public resistance against the use of treated wastewaters is “health concerns”. this factor may be resulted from “lack of trust on the responsible organizations” and “ignorance about trea...

We compare supports A ↑ B (i.e. p r (B |A)> p r (B)) with conditionals A → B and prove that the basic properties of supports are exactly the opposite to those of conditionals.

Model-based diagnosis is based on first-principles reasoning using the behavioral specifications of the primitive components of a device. Unless the computational architecture of the model-based reasoning engine is carefully designed, combinatorial explosion renders the approach useless for devices consisting of more than a handful of components. This paper analyzes the diverse origins of this ...