the stochastic outcomes and phenomenon of climate are the reason to use probability sciences in climatology. interactions of most of climatic phenomenon as well as justify them are very acceptable based on probability technique. accordingly it is useful in environmental management and planning. a conditional probability is the probability of an event given that another event has occurred e.g. l...

abstract background: gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in iran. hypomethylation and/or hypermethylation of dna have been described in gastric cancer and is presumed to be an early event in this process. objective: we hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms of dnmt1 gene may be associated with the genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer. methods: 200 patients a...

A rapid DNA cloning system is a research interest of many scientists. TA cloning is one of the methods used for the cloning of PCR-amplified DNA molecules. The TA cloning method is a convenient and labor-saving replacement to traditional, restriction enzyme-mediated cloning strategies. A T-vector called pBlueskript ΙΙ SK-1 with the lethal gene ccdB was designed to construct a positive selection...

introduction: hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. because of increasing number of infected patients throughout the world, various studies are concentrated on development of high quality diagnostic tests and genotyping in various regions of the world. methods: in this study, we used rt-pcr to isolate and a...

to evaluate general and specific combining ability for resistance to bolting and cercospora leaf spot, 36 hybrids derived from crosses between 9 sugar beet lines along with four checks were planted in safiabad agricultural research center (dezful) in 2008-2009. the experimental design was a triple lattice design with three replications. analysis of variance showed significant differences among ...

We generalize nonequilibrium integral equalities to situations involving absolutely irreversible processes for which the forward-path probability vanishes and the entropy production diverges, rendering conventional integral fluctuation theorems inapplicable. We identify the mathematical origins of absolute irreversibility as the singularity of probability measure. We demonstrate the validity of...

Why is language the way it is? How did language come to be this way? And why is our species alone in having complex language? These are old unsolved questions that have seen a renaissance in the dramatic recent growth in research being published on the origins and evolution of human language. This review provides a broad overview of some of the important current work in this area. We highlight ...

These lectures survey the theory of hyperbolic and stable polynomials, from their origins in the theory of linear PDE’s to their present uses in combinatorics and probability theory.