Epilepsy is a common pediatric neurologic disorder that is difficult to manage in a substantial portion of children. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a novel antiepileptic drug (AED) that has recently been approved as add-on treatment for various seizure types in epilepsy populations that include children: for refractory partial seizures in epilepsy patients >/=4 years old, for myoclonic seizures in juve...

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) is the commonest seizure type associated with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). This study examined the semiological and electroencephalographic differences (EEG) in the GTCSs of adults as compared with those of children. The rationale lies on epidemiological observations that have noted a tenfold higher incidence of SUDEP in adults. We analyze...

A 37-year-old woman experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Subsequent to the seizure, the patient observed left-sided face and neck pain. A left Horner syndrome was noted on examination. AnMRI and magnetic resonance angiogram revealed a left skull base carotid artery dissection without infarction (figure, A and B). Previous MRI had shown normal carotid flow voids. The patient was treat...

Myocardial infarction is diagnosed when blood levels of biomarkers are increased in the clinical setting of acute myocardial ischemia. Among the biomarkers, troponin I is the preferred biomarker indicative of myocardial necrosis. It is tissue specific for the heart. Myocardial infarction is rarely reported following seizure. We report a case of elevated troponin I in a patient after an episode ...

A 34-month-old female patient who had a prior history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures had been diagnosed with the Lennox-Gastuat syndrome. She was scheduled for epiblepharon repairs in both lower lids under general anesthesia. Preoperatively, her tonic seizure was poorly controlled with antiepileptic drugs. General anesthesia with thiopental and isoflurane was provided and the intraoperati...

Fahr's syndrome is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by symmetrical and bilateral intracerebral calcifications located in the basal ganglia and usually associated with a phosphorus and calcium metabolism disorder. Clinical manifestations of Fahr's syndrome vary; it may start at different ages and have a variety of presentations. This article discusses rare presentation of Fahr's syndrom...

We reported a 16-year-old girl, with diffuse vesicular rashes all over the body, presented to emergency department altered mental status, irritability, persistent fever and one episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. After thorough evaluation investigations, case was varicella zoster-associated encephalitis in an unvaccinated patient. Appropriate treatment initiated, patient then shifted c...

Nonunion of the humeral shaft in patients with antiepileptic drug associated metabolic bone disorder constitute a challenging surgical problem difficult to treat due to seizure activity, osteoporosis, and poor stabilization options. We report a case of nonunion of the humeral shaft in an antiepileptic drug patient with uncontrolled generalized tonic-clonic seizure activity successfully treated ...

A seven month old infant presented with excessive crying on handling following recovery from a generalized tonic clonic seizure. On examination he was noted to have swelling and tenderness over his left clavicle. There was no history of trauma. Chest radiograph disclosed undisplaced fracture of left clavicle at the junction of outer third and middle third. The fracture was attributed to the sei...

A 3-year-old female patient developed chorea possibly due to an interaction between phenytoin, phenobarbital and clobazam used for generalized tonic clonic seizures. Phenytoin withdrawal resulted in recovery within 24 hours. Post reaction computerized tomography (CT)-scan of brain was normal. Combined use of anti-seizure drugs and interactions between them may be responsible for the reaction. T...