threat to use military force against iran has been repeated by us. these threats have been along with increasing sanctions and embargo against iran. the question we address in this paper is: what is the impact of on military threats against iran on effectiveness of sanctions and embargo against it? we will examine this hypothesis: in situation of global economy, transforming of military option ...

Charities publicize the donations they receive, generally according to dollar categories rather than the exact amount. Donors in turn tend to give the minimum amount necessary to get into a category. These facts suggest that donors have a taste for having their donations made public. This paper models the effects of such a taste for ‘‘prestige’’ on the behavior of donors and charities. I show h...

The impact of Blissus occiduus Barber feeding on resistant ('Prestige') and susceptible ('378') buffalograsses, Buchloë dactyloides (Nuttall) Engelmann, was evaluated through measurement of carbon exchange rate, light and carbon assimilation (A-C(i)) curves, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and nonstructural carbohydrates. No significant differences in carbon exchange rates were observed between inf...

Based on evolutionary logic, Henrich and Gil-White [Evolution and Human Behavior, 22(3), 165–196] distinguished between two routes to attaining social status in human societies: dominance, based on intimidation, and prestige, based on the possession of skills or expertise. Independently, emotion researchers Tracy and Robins [Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(3), 506–525] demonstr...

1 2 Based on evolutionary logic, Henrich and Gil-White (2001) distinguished between two 3 routes to attaining social status in human societies: dominance, based on intimidation, and 4 prestige, based on the possession of skills or expertise. Independently, emotion researchers Tracy 5 and Robins (2007) demonstrated two distinct forms of pride: hubristic and authentic. Bridging 6 these two lines ...

Prestige-biased social learning (henceforth “prestige-bias”) occurs when individuals predominantly choose to learn from a prestigious member of their group, i.e. someone who has gained attention, respect and admiration for success in some domain. Prestige-bias is proposed as an adaptive social-learning strategy it provides short-cut identifying successful group members, without having assess ea...

This article evaluates how physicians draw upon scientific and other forms of knowledge in different professional communities. We argue that because physicians will draw upon clinical research findings to improve their reputation with colleagues, and because the terms for accruing esteem in an academic hospital may differ depending on the dominant task structure of the organization, the form of...

The content of this paper is based solely on the original study reported in Abe and Watanabe (2012a) in which the authors develop a structured and innovative theory of optimal resource allocation and prestige maximization for an institution of higher education. Although the study provides a sound diagnostic framework and unambiguous results, the paper requires relatively advanced knowledge of m...

Using data collected from a national sample of 171 PhD holders, who were awarded terminal degrees in management between 1977 and 1987, we tested four hypotheses concerning career mobility within the management discipline. We found (1) doctoral origin prestige had a direct effect on the prestige of a graduate’s initial academic appointment, (2) doctoral origin prestige interacted with perceived ...

Objective: How people use social rank (dominance vs prestige) could explain different attitudes toward five moral foundations. This study aimed to investigate the differential relationships between prestige, dominance, and Methods: was conducted on 150 participants who responded foundation questionnaire dominance-prestige scale. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that prestige posit...