Several technologies, including pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), reverse electrodialysis (RED), and capacitive mixing (CapMix), are being developed to recover energy from salinity gradients. Here, we present a new approach to capture salinity gradient energy based on the expansion and contraction properties of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. These materials swell in fresh water and shrink in salt...

The scarcity of freshwater is one the major challenges to civilized community around World. So, various engineered processes have been developed for remediation this problem such as osmotic pressure-driven (OPDPs). OPDPs includes forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis, which gained enormous attention becoming a flexible membrane-based technology desalination wastewater treatment. most si...

Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising membrane technology for harnessing the osmotic energy of saline solutions. PRO typically considered with seawater/river water pairings however greater can be recovered from hypersaline solutions including produced (PW) petroleum industry. One major challenges facing utilization PW its high fouling propensity on membranes. In this unique experimenta...