The quality of global sea level pressure patterns has been assessed for simulations by 23 coupled climate models. Most models showed high pattern correlations. With respect to the explained spatial variance, many models showed serious large-scale deficiencies, especially at midlatitudes. Five models performed well at all latitudes and for each month of the year. Three models had a reasonable sk...

precipitation data is of utmost importance to carry out many hydro-meteorological studies. observed warming over several decades has been linked to changes in the large-scale hydrological cycle such as: increasing atmospheric water vapour content, changing precipitation patterns, intensity and extremes, reduced snow cover and widespread melting of ice, and changes in soil moisture and runoff. p...

5 The sensitivity of stratiform mid-latitude orographic precipitation to global mean temper6 ature is investigated through numerical simulations with a general circulation model. The 7 individual terrain elements are idealizations of the Earth’s major north-south mountain 8 chains and occupy four islands equally spaced around the northern hemisphere of a planet 9 otherwise covered by ocean. Pre...

[1] We investigate simulated changes of seasonal precipitation maxima and means in a future, warmer climate. We use data from the ESSENCE project, in which a 17-member ensemble of climate change simulations in response to the SRES A1b scenario has been carried out using the ECHAM5/MPI-OM climate model. The large size of the data set gives the opportunity to detect the changes of climate extreme...

Seasonal precipitation changes are increasingly severe in subtropical areas. However, the responses of soil nitrogen (N) cycle and its associated functional microorganisms to such precipitation changes remain unclear. In this study, two projected precipitation patterns were manipulated: intensifying the dry-season drought (DD) and extending the dry-season duration (ED) but increasing the wet-se...

Locally evaporated water vapor is an important source of precipitation in China. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics the recycling ratio (ρ) Yangtze River Basin (YRB) 1979–2020 were calculated and analyzed, contribution internal external cycling changes to total YRB under climate change was studied. results show that annual average ρ approximately 10.3%, with highest value 21.8% summer...

The Northern Hemisphere monsoons are an integral component of Earth’s hydrological cycle and affect the lives of billions of people. Observed precipitation in the monsoon regions underwent substantial changes during the second half of the twentieth century, with drying from the 1950s to mid-1980s and increasing precipitation in recent decades. Modeling studies suggest that anthropogenic aerosol...

Meteorological and glaciological analyses are integrated to examine the precipitation trends during the last three decades over the ice sheets covering Antarctica and Greenland. For Antarctica, the best data source is provided by glaciologicallymeasured trends of snow accumulation, and for limited sectors of East Antarctica consistency with precipitation amounts calculated from the atmospheric ...

The contribution of falling precipitation to thunderstorm electrification is examined from an energy standpoint by means of radar measurements of precipitation. The gravitational power associated with falling precipitation is compared with estimates of the thunderstorm electrical output as a test of a causal relationship between these two quantities. The relative importance of the gravitational...