design precedents are available instances of architectural projects by high profile architects and designers, which can be studied and analyzed as knowledge resources for a given project. developing a design knowledge based on a critical study of precedents will be referred to in this paper as precedent-based knowledge. in all stages of designing, design reasoning based on precedents can save d...

Abstract Every legal case sets a precedent by developing the law in one of following two ways. It either expands its scope, which it positive precedent, or narrows it, negative precedent. Legal outcome prediction, prediction outcome, is an increasingly popular task AI. In contrast, we turn our focus to outcomes here, and introduce new prediction. We discover asymmetry existing models’ ability p...

Recent research on arguments treats them as entirely abstract, only related by an attack relation, which always succeeds unless the attacker can itself be defeated. However, this does not seem adequate for legal argumentation. Some proposals have suggested regulating attack relations using preferences or values. However, this does not explain how an audience can prefer or value an argument, yet...