The route of absorption of ingested compounds is a determinant of their distribution and metabolism. Portal vein absorption results in direct transport to the liver, where metabolism may take place before extrahepatic delivery. Lymphatic absorption can result in delivery of parent compound to nonhepatic tissues. Understanding the fate of an ingested compound requires determination of the import...

With the shift of manufacturing plants from more industrialized countries to China, occurrences of Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the environment has attracted more attention. Concentrations of PFCs in 14 soils collected from the coast of Liaodong Bay were determined and spatial distributions used to identify potential sources of PFCs. A mass balance approach was introduced to quantify conc...

We read with interest the paper by Sungar and Güven [1], which described a case series of organophosphorus pesticide (OP)-poisoned patients managed in their intensive care unit. It clearly demonstrates the difficulty in managing such patients in resource-poor areas [2]. However, we should like to query some issues in their management of OP poisoning and their use of pralidoxime. We cannot under...

The mechanism of intoxication with organophosphorus compounds, including highly toxic nerve agents, is based on the formation of irreversibly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) that could be followed by a generalized cholinergic crisis. Nerve agent poisoning is conventionally treated using a combination of a cholinolytic drug (atropine mostly) to counteract the accumulation of ac...

Scientific and public concerns on perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are increasingly growing because of their environmental persistency, bioaccumulation, and extensive distribution throughout the world. Little is known about the effects of PFCs on neural function and the underlying mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that the toxicological effects of PFCs are closely correlated with their carbon...

There are a great number of reports with assertions that oxidative stress is produced by organophosphorus compound (OPC) poisoning and is a cofactor of mortality and morbidity in OPC toxicity. In addition, antioxidants have been suggested as adjuncts to standard therapy. However, there is no substantial evidence for the benefit of the use of antioxidants in survival after acute intoxication of ...

In this paper, we investigate word sense distributions in noun compounds (NCs). Our primary goal is to disambiguate the word sense of component words in NCs, based on investigation of “semantic collocation” between them. We use sense collocation and lexical substitution to build supervised and unsupervised word sense disambiguation (WSD) classifiers, and show our unsupervised learner to be supe...

The effect of cold and restraint on the level of non-protein sulfhydryl compounds in the liver and blood has been previously noted (l-4). Whether applied independently or together, these stresses result in a diminution of the total non-protein sulfhydryl concentration (NPSH) of the liver. Adrenalin (5) and certain anesthetics* produce an effect similar to that of cold and restraint. Grunert and...

The labile compound [RuCl2(NCCH3)2(cod)], an alternative starting material to [RuCl2(cod)]n for the preparation of ruthenium(II) complexes, has been prepared from the polymer compound and isolated in yields up to 87% using a new work up procedure. The compound has been obtained as a yellow solid without water of crystallization. Complexes [RuCl2(NCR)2(cod)] spontaneously transform into the dime...