In vitro studies reveal that nuclear receptor coactivators enhance the transcriptional activity of steroid receptors, including estrogen (ER) and progestin receptors (PR), through ligand-dependent interactions. While work from our lab and others shows that steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) is essential for efficient ER and PR action in brain, very little is known about receptor-coactivator...

A metal-free 16-membered N4-donor [1 + 1] Schiff-base macrocycle was isolated as HL(Pr)·2acid, by 1 : 1 condensation of diphenylamine-2,2'-dicarboxaldehyde (1), dipropylene triamine and an excess of either acetic or formic acid, or as HL(Pr)·(tosylic acid) when just one equivalent of tosylic acid was employed. Interestingly, the acid-free synthesis employed for the 14-membered analogue HL(Et) f...

An examination of the carotene fractions extracted from Euglena gracilis Z and pressure-bleached Euglena mutants PR-1, PR-2, PR-3, and PR-4 revealed phytoene in mutants PR-1, PR-2, and PR-3. Photosynthetic E. gracilis Z cultured at different light intensities showed no detectable phytoene, nor was phytoene found in mutant PR-4. However, dark-cultured E. gracilis Z yielded readily assayable amou...

TGA transcription factors are implicated as regulators of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes because of their physical interaction with the known positive regulator, nonexpresser of PR gene1 (NPR1). A triple-knockout mutant tga2-1 tga5-1 tga6-1 was shown previously to be defective in the induction of PR genes and systemic acquired resistance, confirming their role in disease resistance. However, t...

BACKGROUND Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) was the first identified human retrovirus and was shown to be associated with diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. Retroviral proteases (PRs) are essential for viral replication by processing viral Gag and Gag-(Pro)-Pol polyproteins during maturation. Full-length HTLV-1 PR...

The BODE index, which integrates body mass index, airflow limitation (forced expiratory volume in one second), dyspnoea and 6-min walk distance, predicts mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves some components of BODE. It was hypothesised that changes in BODE may reflect the effects of PR. To test this, participation in PR was offered to...

We report a new thermal boundary layer equation for turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection for Prandtl number Pr>1 that takes into account the effect of turbulent fluctuations. These fluctuations are neglected in existing equations, which are based on steady-state and laminar assumptions. Using this new equation, we derive analytically the mean temperature profiles in two limits: (a) Pr≳1 and (b)...

Endometrial cancer is a major cancer in women and traditionally divided into type 1 and type 2. It is well known that type 2 endometrial cancer has a poor prognosis. Studies have suggested that estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) positive are positively associated with endometrial cancer survive. However whether the positivity of ER or PR is different between cancer types has n...

The kinetic properties of two classical inhibitors of aspartic proteases (PRs), pepstatin A and acetyl-pepstatin, were compared in their interactions with HIV-1 and xenotropic murine leukemia virus related virus (XMRV) PRs. Both compounds are substantially weaker inhibitors of XMRV PR than of HIV-1 PR. Previous kinetic and structural studies characterized HIV-1 PR-acetyl-pepstatin and XMRV PR-p...