This paper presents an experimental study on the nature of permeation properties and pore structure of concrete surface layers containing fly ash. Concretes containing different dosages of fly ash as a replacement for cement (15% and 30% by weight of total cement materials, respectively) were investigated. Concrete without any fly ash added was also employed as the reference specimen. Laborator...

Concrete is probably the most extensively used construction material in the world. However, environmental concerns regarding rapid consumption of natural resources and CO2 emission during cement manufacturing process have brought pressure to reduce cement consumption by the use of cement replacement materials (CRMs). The utilization of calcined clay (metakaolin) and silica fume in concrete has ...

Integrated spectroscopic analyses and synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction investigations provide insights into the long-term reactivity of volcanic aggregate components calcium-aluminum-silicate-hydrate (C-A-S-H) binder in mortar samples from robust concrete sepulchral corridor Tomb Caecilia Metella, 1st C BCE, Rome. The results innovative micrometer-scale analytical maps indicate that Pozzolane...