This paper presents a modified digital image watermarking method based on nonnegative matrix factorization. Firstly, host image is factorized to the product of three nonnegative matrices. Then, the centric matrix is transferred to discrete cosine transform domain. Watermark is embedded in low frequency band of this matrix and next, the reverse of the transform is computed. Finally, watermarked ...

This paper presents a modified digital image watermarking method based on nonnegative matrix factorization. Firstly, host image is factorized to the product of three nonnegative matrices. Then, the centric matrix is transferred to discrete cosine transform domain. Watermark is embedded in low frequency band of this matrix and next, the reverse of the transform is computed. Finally, watermarked ...

To protect user privacy and meet law regulations, federated (machine) learning is obtaining vast interests in recent years. The key principle of training a machine model without needing to know each user’s personal raw private data. In this article, we propose secure matrix factorization framework under the setting, called FedMF. First, design user-level distributed where can be learned when on...