Herschel used thermometers to determine the heating effect of the sun's rays. He observed elevated temperatures " beyond the red. " Birth's classical diffuse reflectance experiment: All bottles contain same size glass particles. Media surrounding particles: (A) air, (B) water and (C) mineral oil. 1666—Newton disperses white light into colors 1668—Mariotte finds heat disappears when glass insert...

Near-infrared spectroscopy as a rapid and non-destructive analytical technique offers great advantages for pharmaceutical raw material identification (RMID) to fulfill the quality and safety requirements in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we demonstrated the use of portable miniature near-infrared (MicroNIR) spectrometers for NIR-based pharmaceutical RMID and solved two challenges in th...

In this study, the electronic design of a low-cost and portable spectrophotometer device capable analyzing in visible-near infrared region was established. The C#.NET-based user-friendly control software development machine learning algorithms for data classification as well comparison results were presented. When implementation studies are reviewed literature, two groups subjects become promin...

certain conditions limit the independence of deprived people. however, those conditions do not limit the right of these people to receive dental care. portable dental units may make it possible for the deprived and elderly to receive the care they deserve in more areas. this study aimed to explore dentists' perceptions of the use of portable dental units in community outreach programs as a prec...

Total white blood cells (WBC) count is an important indication for infection diagnosis, in both human and veterinary medicine. State-of-the-art WBC counts are performed by flow cytometry combined with light scattering or impedance measurements, the clinical analysis laboratory. These technologies complex difficult to be miniaturized into a portable point-of-care (POC) system. Spectroscopy one o...

background and objective: obstructive sleep apnea (osa) is a disease with serious consequences. many portable devices have been developed to overwhelm some of limitations in the accessibility of the gold standard test for osa, polysomnography (psg). this study aimed to determine diagnostic accuracy of a portable sleep apnea screener against psg in patients of a sleep clinic. materials and metho...

This Focus Review describes the emerging class of near-infrared (NIR) organic compounds containing the conjugated polyene, polymethine, and donor-acceptor chromophores and exploration of their NIR-absorbing, NIR-fluorescence, and NIR-photosensitizing properties for potential applications in heat absorbers, solar cells, and NIR light-emitting diodes. Examples of NIR organic compounds are reviewe...

Using consensus regions in gene sequences encoding the two forms of nitrite reductase (Nir), a key enzyme in the denitrification pathway, we designed two sets of PCR primers to amplify cd1- and Cu-nir. The primers were evaluated by screening defined denitrifying strains, denitrifying isolates from wastewater treatment plants, and extracts from activated sludge. Sequence relationships of nir gen...

Endoscopic near-infrared (NIR) optical tomography is a novel approach that allows the blood-based high intrinsic optical contrast to be imaged for the detection of cancer in internal organs. In endoscopic NIR tomography, the imaging array is arranged within the interior of the medium as opposed to the exterior as seen in conventional NIR tomography approaches. The source illuminates outward fro...

Compared with the chemical analytical technique, the soil nitrogen acquisition method based on near infrared (NIR) sensors shows significant advantages, being rapid, nondestructive, and convenient. Providing an accurate grasp of different soil types, sensitive wavebands could enhance the nitrogen estimation efficiency to a large extent. In this paper, loess, calcium soil, black soil, and red so...